Volume-4 ~ Issue-2
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Exploring the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer compounds from the leaves of Acalypha indica |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | T. Reddy Prasad Reddy, R. Srinu Venkat Rao, A.V.N.Swamy, P.Reddanna, G.Pulla Reddy,1 D.V.Rami Reddy |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0420107  |
Abstract:Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly known as Indian Copperleaf and Indian Nettle. It is a
common annual herb, which grows in the hotter parts of India like Bihar, Assam and southwards of Kerala. The
hexane and aqueous extracts of leaves were screened for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds as
evidenced by the potent inhibition of LOX, COX enzyme activity method, which showed significant percentage of
inhibition in dose dependent manner. As antioxidant therapy is found to be useful in complicated disease status
related with free radical activity, the present study might be extended for the formulation and evaluation of
different antioxidant herbal dosage forms. Finally Hexane extract showed potent enzymatic inhibition to COX-1
with IC50-6.48μg/ml. Ethyl acetate and ethanol soxhlation extracts IC50 values 16.43μg/ml and 40.97 μg/ml.
Hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol soxhlation extracts showed potent enzymatic inhibition to COX-2.Here
aqueous extract showed moderate enzymatic inhibition. Hence the present study is taken upto systematically
evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of the extracts and also to isolate and characterize
the active principles of Acalypha indica.
Key words:Acalypha indica, Lipoxygenase, Cyclooxygenase and Anti-inflammatory.
Key words:Acalypha indica, Lipoxygenase, Cyclooxygenase and Anti-inflammatory.
[1] Amin, Ashok R, Attur, Mukundan, Abramson, Steven B. Nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenases: distribution, regulation, and
intervention in arthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology (1997); Vol 11(3).
[2] Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principal of
protein dye binding. Anal Biochem (1976 ), Vol 72: 248-254.
[3] Crofford LJ. COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: implications and predictions. J Rheumatol Suppl. (1997), Vol.49:15-9.
[4] Kapoor, L. D. {CRC} Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants(1990).
[5] Mukherjee D. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and potential risk of cardiovascular events. Biochem. Pharmacol
(2002),Vol. 63: 817–21.
[6] Reddy CM, Subhashini J, Mahipal SVK, Bhat VB, Srinivas Reddy P, Kiranmai G, Madyastha KM, Reddanna P. C-Phycocyanin, a
selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun (2003),Vol. 304: 385-392.
[7] Reddy DB, Reddy TC, Jyotsna G, et al, Chebulagic acid, a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula
Retz., induces apoptosis in COLO-205 cell line. J Ethnopharmacol (2009),Vol.124(3):506-12.
[8] Reddy CM, Bhat VB, Kiranmai G, Reddy MN, Reddanna P, Madyastha KM. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by Cphycocyanin,
a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2000), Vol 277:599-603.
[9] Simon LS. COX-2 inhibitors. Are they non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a better safety profile? Gastroenterol. Clin.
North Am (2001, Vol. 30: 1011–25.
[10] Sreekanth D, Arunasree MK, Roy KR, Chandramohan Reddy T, Reddy GV, Reddanna P. Betanin a betacyanin pigment purified
from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia Cell line-K562 Phytomedicine(2007)
,Vol 14:739-46.
intervention in arthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology (1997); Vol 11(3).
[2] Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principal of
protein dye binding. Anal Biochem (1976 ), Vol 72: 248-254.
[3] Crofford LJ. COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: implications and predictions. J Rheumatol Suppl. (1997), Vol.49:15-9.
[4] Kapoor, L. D. {CRC} Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants(1990).
[5] Mukherjee D. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and potential risk of cardiovascular events. Biochem. Pharmacol
(2002),Vol. 63: 817–21.
[6] Reddy CM, Subhashini J, Mahipal SVK, Bhat VB, Srinivas Reddy P, Kiranmai G, Madyastha KM, Reddanna P. C-Phycocyanin, a
selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun (2003),Vol. 304: 385-392.
[7] Reddy DB, Reddy TC, Jyotsna G, et al, Chebulagic acid, a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula
Retz., induces apoptosis in COLO-205 cell line. J Ethnopharmacol (2009),Vol.124(3):506-12.
[8] Reddy CM, Bhat VB, Kiranmai G, Reddy MN, Reddanna P, Madyastha KM. Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by Cphycocyanin,
a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2000), Vol 277:599-603.
[9] Simon LS. COX-2 inhibitors. Are they non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a better safety profile? Gastroenterol. Clin.
North Am (2001, Vol. 30: 1011–25.
[10] Sreekanth D, Arunasree MK, Roy KR, Chandramohan Reddy T, Reddy GV, Reddanna P. Betanin a betacyanin pigment purified
from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica induces apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia Cell line-K562 Phytomedicine(2007)
,Vol 14:739-46.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Electrophoretic Study of Seed Storage Protein in Five Species of Bauhinia |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Kumari Nutan Sinha Meenakshi Singh And Chandan Kumar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0420811 |
Abstract :Seed storage Protein profiles of five Bauhinia species were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Total seed storage protein of Bauhinia species resolved on
10% SDS Polyarylamide gels showed variations in their banding pattern. Results of SDS-PAGE pattern of a few
protein bands were up regulated whereas some other bands showed down regulation. Beside the common bands
among the studied taxa, 7.37 kDa, 31.85 kDa and 261.143 kDa protein were found common in all the species.
The maximum genetic affinities has been observed between B. acuminata x B. purpurea, while minimum
between B. racemosa and B. variegata. On the molecular level, present study gave the results with wide
variations in their band numbers. Maximum number of protein bands (12 bands) were observed in B. tomentosa,
while minimum (7 bands) in B. purpurea and B. variegata. From present results, protein can differentiate
between the studied Bauhinia species by producing some specific bands that could be used to distinguish any
species from each other. It could be concluded that SDS-Protein is important for genetic analysis and indicate
a considerable amount of genetic diversity between the different studied Bauhinia species.
Keyword: Bauhinia species, SDS-PAGE, Storage protein, Genetic affinity, Electrophoresis
Keyword: Bauhinia species, SDS-PAGE, Storage protein, Genetic affinity, Electrophoresis
[1] Nisar, M. A Ghafoor, M.R. Khan, H. Ahmad, A.S. Qureshi & H. Ali Genetic diversity and geographic relationship among local &
exotic chickpea germplasm. Park. J. Bot. 39, 2007, 1575-1581.
[2] Tanksley. S.D and Jones R.A. Application of alcohol dehydrogenase allozymes in testing the genetic purity of F1 hybrid of tomato.
Hort. Sci., 16, 1981, 179-1871.
[3] Thanh V.O.C and Hirata Y. Seed storage protein diversity of three rice species in the Mekong Datta. Biosphere conservation
4, 2002, 59-67.
[4] Javid, A., A. Ghafoor and R. Anwar. Seed Storage Protein electrophoresis in ground nut for evaluating genetic diversity. Pak. J.
Bot.,, 36, 2004, 87-96.
[5] Iqbal, S.H.,Ghafoor A. and Ayub, N. Relationship between SDS-PAGE markers and Ascochyta blight in chickpea, Pakistan
Journal of Botany, 37 (1), 2005, 87-96.
[6] Jha, S.S. and Ohri, D. Phylogenetic relationships of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and its wild relatives based on seed
protein profiles. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 43(3), 1996. 275-281.
[7] Seferoglua, S., Seferoglua, H.G., Tekintasa, F.E and Baltab, F. Biochemical composition influenced by different location in
Uzun pistachio CV. (Pistacia vera L.) grown in Turkey Journal of food Composition and Analysis 19 (5), 2006. 461-465.
[8] Gepts, P. Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. In: Brown, A. H. D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L. and Weir, B. S.,
Eds., 1989. Plant Population.
[9] Magni C., Scarafoni, A., Herndl, A., Sesse F., Prinsi, B., Espen, L. and Duranti, M. Combined 2D electrophoretic approaches for
the study of white Lupin mature seed storage protein Phytochemistry, 68(7), 2007, 997-1007.
[10] Bruneau A., Forest F., Herendeen P. S., Kligaard B. B. and Lewis G. P. Phylogenetics relationship in the Caesalpinioidea e
(Leguminosae) as inferred from Chloroplast trnL. Intron Sequences. Systematic Botany, 26 (3), 2001 : 487-514.
exotic chickpea germplasm. Park. J. Bot. 39, 2007, 1575-1581.
[2] Tanksley. S.D and Jones R.A. Application of alcohol dehydrogenase allozymes in testing the genetic purity of F1 hybrid of tomato.
Hort. Sci., 16, 1981, 179-1871.
[3] Thanh V.O.C and Hirata Y. Seed storage protein diversity of three rice species in the Mekong Datta. Biosphere conservation
4, 2002, 59-67.
[4] Javid, A., A. Ghafoor and R. Anwar. Seed Storage Protein electrophoresis in ground nut for evaluating genetic diversity. Pak. J.
Bot.,, 36, 2004, 87-96.
[5] Iqbal, S.H.,Ghafoor A. and Ayub, N. Relationship between SDS-PAGE markers and Ascochyta blight in chickpea, Pakistan
Journal of Botany, 37 (1), 2005, 87-96.
[6] Jha, S.S. and Ohri, D. Phylogenetic relationships of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and its wild relatives based on seed
protein profiles. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 43(3), 1996. 275-281.
[7] Seferoglua, S., Seferoglua, H.G., Tekintasa, F.E and Baltab, F. Biochemical composition influenced by different location in
Uzun pistachio CV. (Pistacia vera L.) grown in Turkey Journal of food Composition and Analysis 19 (5), 2006. 461-465.
[8] Gepts, P. Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. In: Brown, A. H. D., Clegg, M. T., Kahler, A. L. and Weir, B. S.,
Eds., 1989. Plant Population.
[9] Magni C., Scarafoni, A., Herndl, A., Sesse F., Prinsi, B., Espen, L. and Duranti, M. Combined 2D electrophoretic approaches for
the study of white Lupin mature seed storage protein Phytochemistry, 68(7), 2007, 997-1007.
[10] Bruneau A., Forest F., Herendeen P. S., Kligaard B. B. and Lewis G. P. Phylogenetics relationship in the Caesalpinioidea e
(Leguminosae) as inferred from Chloroplast trnL. Intron Sequences. Systematic Botany, 26 (3), 2001 : 487-514.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Therapeutic Efficiency of Aristolochic acid on Oral cancer Induced Experimental Rats |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Mariappan Senthilkumar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0421220 |
Abstract:Aristolochia indica is one of the important medicinal plant sources of bioactive compound
aristolochic acid (AA). The compound was found to produce cytotoxicity at higher doses, thus AA was examined
for therapeutic efficacy against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) induced oral cancer. Purity of the isolated AA
was assayed using UV, IR, NMR, Mass spectral studies were revealed that the maximum wavelength (254 nm),
functional groups and nature (NO2 nitro groups and aromatic), the structure (C17H11NO7) and molecular weight
(341.28) of the compound AA. The dose of AA at 10 mg/kg b.wt/ for 4 weeks. Effect of AA on oral cancer was
studied by exploiting various biochemical and histological parameters such as Glutathione-S-transferase (GST),
Gamma gultamyl transferase (GGT), 5'-Nucleotidase (5'-NT) and Cathepsin D (CD) and glycoconjugates.
There was significant increase in GST and significant decrease in other markers and glycoconjugates were
observed on AA treatment in oral cancer induced rats. Number of tumors, percentage of tumors and tumor
volume was found to be decreased on AA treated rats on oral cancer induced rats. Thus AA was found to
modulate therapeutically on oral cancer regression.
Key Words: Aristolochia indica, Aristolochic acid, anti cancer, 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, oral cancer, therapeutic efficacy.
Key Words: Aristolochia indica, Aristolochic acid, anti cancer, 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide, oral cancer, therapeutic efficacy.
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Vereerstraeten, J.L. Vanherweghem, Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi). New
England Journal of Medicine, 342, 2000, 1686-1692.
[3] M Stiborova, E. Freib, H.H. Schmeiser, Aristolochic acids and the kidney disease called Chinese herbs nephropathy. Chemicke
Listy, 94, 2000, 186-189.
[4] K Hashimoto, M. Higuchi, B. Makino, I. Sakakibara, M. Kubo, Y. Komatsu, M. Maruno, M. Okada, Quantitative analysis of
aristolochic acids, toxic compounds, contained in some medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 64, 1999, 185-189.
[5] LT Angeles, B.D. Canlas, J.A. Concha, A.S. Sotto, P.L. Aligaen, Toxicity studies on aristolochic acid isolated from Aristolochia
Tagala, Cham. Acta Med Philipp., 6, 1970, 139-148.
[6] A Pakrashi, P. Pakrasi, Antifertility efficacy of the plant Aristolochia indica Linn on mouse. Contraception, 20, 1979, 49-54.
[7] CT Che, M.S. Ahmed, S.S. Kang, D.P. Waller, A.S. Bingel, A. Martin, P. Rajamahendran, N. Bunyapraphatsara, D.C. Lankin, G.A.
Cordell, Studies on Aristolochia III. Isolation and biological evaluation of constituents of Aristolochia indica roots for fertilityregulating
activity. Journal of Natural Products, 47, 1984, 331-341.
[8] T Ganguly, A. Pakrashi, A.K. Pal, Disruption of pregnancy in mouse by aristolic acid: I. Plausible explanation in relation to early
pregnancy events. Contraception, 34, 1986, 625-637.
[9] TS Wu, L.F. Ou, C.M. Teng, Aristolochic acids, aristolactam alkaloids and amides from Aristolochia kankauensis. Phytochemistry,
36, 1994, 1063-1068.
[10] W Martz, Plants with a reputation against snakebite. Toxicon, 30, 1992, 1131-1142.
[2] Nortier JL, Mc. M. Martinez, H.H. Scheiser, V.M. Arlt, C.A. Bieler, M. Petein, M.F. Depierreux, L. De Pauw, D. Abramowitz, P.
Vereerstraeten, J.L. Vanherweghem, Urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi). New
England Journal of Medicine, 342, 2000, 1686-1692.
[3] M Stiborova, E. Freib, H.H. Schmeiser, Aristolochic acids and the kidney disease called Chinese herbs nephropathy. Chemicke
Listy, 94, 2000, 186-189.
[4] K Hashimoto, M. Higuchi, B. Makino, I. Sakakibara, M. Kubo, Y. Komatsu, M. Maruno, M. Okada, Quantitative analysis of
aristolochic acids, toxic compounds, contained in some medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 64, 1999, 185-189.
[5] LT Angeles, B.D. Canlas, J.A. Concha, A.S. Sotto, P.L. Aligaen, Toxicity studies on aristolochic acid isolated from Aristolochia
Tagala, Cham. Acta Med Philipp., 6, 1970, 139-148.
[6] A Pakrashi, P. Pakrasi, Antifertility efficacy of the plant Aristolochia indica Linn on mouse. Contraception, 20, 1979, 49-54.
[7] CT Che, M.S. Ahmed, S.S. Kang, D.P. Waller, A.S. Bingel, A. Martin, P. Rajamahendran, N. Bunyapraphatsara, D.C. Lankin, G.A.
Cordell, Studies on Aristolochia III. Isolation and biological evaluation of constituents of Aristolochia indica roots for fertilityregulating
activity. Journal of Natural Products, 47, 1984, 331-341.
[8] T Ganguly, A. Pakrashi, A.K. Pal, Disruption of pregnancy in mouse by aristolic acid: I. Plausible explanation in relation to early
pregnancy events. Contraception, 34, 1986, 625-637.
[9] TS Wu, L.F. Ou, C.M. Teng, Aristolochic acids, aristolactam alkaloids and amides from Aristolochia kankauensis. Phytochemistry,
36, 1994, 1063-1068.
[10] W Martz, Plants with a reputation against snakebite. Toxicon, 30, 1992, 1131-1142.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anemia and its impact on dysmenorrhea and age at menarche. |
| Country | : | Saudi arbia |
| Authors | : | Dr. Rafia Bano |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0422124 |
Abstract:Introduction: Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual period, is a common complaint among 50%
adolescent girls. Therefore, a cross sectional study on Urban adolescent secondary school girls aged (10 – 15
years) was conducted with an objective to know the prevalence of anemia and its impact on the age at
menarche, dysmenorrhea and total iron intake in the diet.
Key words::Adolescence, Anemia, Dysmenorrhea, Menarche
Key words::Adolescence, Anemia, Dysmenorrhea, Menarche
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