Volume-3 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Thermal, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy-1, 4- naphthoquinone -1, oxime |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.B. Pawar, R. G. Sarawadekar, K.D. Jadhav, S.S. Kadam |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0330108  |
Abstract:The new complexes M-Lm {M= Zn, Cd, Hg, Sn and Pb: Lm = 2-hydroxy -1, 4- naphthoquinone -1,
oxime} have been prepared. They were characterized by XRD, IR (FAR and MID), Electronic spectra and
investigated by SEM with EDAX analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these metal complexes was tested
against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonie, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
by disc diffusion method. The results were encouraging and compared with standard Cisplatin complex which
was known as chemotherapy agent for various cancer treatments.
Keywords: Lawsone monoxime, Metal chelates, IR, NMR, SEM, Antimicrobial activity, Electronic spectra
Keywords: Lawsone monoxime, Metal chelates, IR, NMR, SEM, Antimicrobial activity, Electronic spectra
[1] J. Lecomte and P. Fischer, Physiological properties of quinones and of oxidative derivatives of adrenaline, Archives
Internationales de Physiologie 56, 35 - 44 (1048).
[2] R. K. Sharma, N.S. Jha and S. K. A study of chelation behavior of bivalent metal complexes of biologically active 2- hydroxyl-
1,4-naphthoquinone monoxime ( HNQM ) in dioxane-water mixtures, Sindhwani, Thermochimica Acta., 156(2), 267- 73 (1989).
[3] S.B. Jagtap, S.G. Joshi, G.M. Litake, V.S. Ghole and B. A. Kulkarni, C3 substituted lawsonmonoximates of holmium (III):
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, Metal Based Drugs., 7(30, 147-150 (2000).
[4] A. B. Pawar, A. A. Killedar, K. D. Jadhav and R. G. Sarawadekar, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent
metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy 1-4 naphthoquinone
[5] International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp 882-890, July-Sept 2012.
[6] N.J. Sonwane, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1981).
[7] C.R. Joshi, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1975).
[8] V. D. Kelkar, R.R. Gokhale, and H. R. Gholap, Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of cobalt (III) chelates of
some Lawson derivatives. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal Organic Chemistry, 28(8), 1253-1264 (1998).
[9] J.B. Foreman, E. Frish, in Frish, E. (Ed.), Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, A Guide to using Gaussian,
Gaussian, Pittsburg PA (1996).
[10] Gupta K.C. H.K. Abdulkadir, S. Chand,Metallation of tetra dentate N2O2 Schiff base with Mn (II), Co(II), Cu(II) and
Zn(II):synthesis, characterization and formation constants measurement, J. Molecular catalysis A: Chemical. 202, 253 (2003).
Internationales de Physiologie 56, 35 - 44 (1048).
[2] R. K. Sharma, N.S. Jha and S. K. A study of chelation behavior of bivalent metal complexes of biologically active 2- hydroxyl-
1,4-naphthoquinone monoxime ( HNQM ) in dioxane-water mixtures, Sindhwani, Thermochimica Acta., 156(2), 267- 73 (1989).
[3] S.B. Jagtap, S.G. Joshi, G.M. Litake, V.S. Ghole and B. A. Kulkarni, C3 substituted lawsonmonoximates of holmium (III):
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, Metal Based Drugs., 7(30, 147-150 (2000).
[4] A. B. Pawar, A. A. Killedar, K. D. Jadhav and R. G. Sarawadekar, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent
metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy 1-4 naphthoquinone
[5] International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp 882-890, July-Sept 2012.
[6] N.J. Sonwane, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1981).
[7] C.R. Joshi, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1975).
[8] V. D. Kelkar, R.R. Gokhale, and H. R. Gholap, Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of cobalt (III) chelates of
some Lawson derivatives. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal Organic Chemistry, 28(8), 1253-1264 (1998).
[9] J.B. Foreman, E. Frish, in Frish, E. (Ed.), Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, A Guide to using Gaussian,
Gaussian, Pittsburg PA (1996).
[10] Gupta K.C. H.K. Abdulkadir, S. Chand,Metallation of tetra dentate N2O2 Schiff base with Mn (II), Co(II), Cu(II) and
Zn(II):synthesis, characterization and formation constants measurement, J. Molecular catalysis A: Chemical. 202, 253 (2003).
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Fine Structure of the Adrenal Gland of the Indian Sheath- Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. A. Nerkar, M. M. Gadegone |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0330913 |
- Abstract
Abstract :[1] D Reeder and K. Kramer, Stress in free-ranging mammals: Integrating physiology, ecology, and natural history, Journal of
Mammalogy, 86, 2005, 225-235.
[2] A DeVries, Interaction among social environment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavior, Horm. Behav, 41, 2002,
405-413.
[3] V Viau, Functional cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal axes, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 14,
2002, 506-513.
[4] A Gustafson and W. Belt, The adrenal cortex during activity and hibernation in the male little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus
lucifugus: annual rhythm of plasma cortisol levels, Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 44, 1981, 269-278.
[5] E Widmaier and T. Kunz, Basal, diurnal, and stress-induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats, Journal of
Experimental Zoology, 265, 1993, 533-540.
[6] E Widmaier, T. Harmer, A. Sulak and T. Kunz, Further characterization of the pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress in
Chiroptera, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 269, 1994, 442-449.
[7] D Reeder, H. Raff, T. Kunz and E. Widmaier, Characterization of pituitary-adrenocortical activity in the Malayan flying fox
(Pteropus vampyrus), Journal of Comparative Physiology (B), 176, 2006, 513-519.
[8] C Zancanaro, M. Malatesta, P. Vogel and S. Fakan, Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of hibernating, arousing and euthermic
dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, Anatomical Record, 249, 1997, 359-364.
[9] G Vinson, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microscopy Research and Technique, 61, 2002, 227-239.
[10] S Tokar, E. Koval, E. Yavorskaand and M. Lukyanetz, Ultrastructural characteristics of lipid droplets in rat adrenocortical cells
from zona fasciculata-reticularis, Fiziol Zh, 50, 2004, 107-13.
[2] A DeVries, Interaction among social environment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavior, Horm. Behav, 41, 2002,
405-413.
[3] V Viau, Functional cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal axes, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 14,
2002, 506-513.
[4] A Gustafson and W. Belt, The adrenal cortex during activity and hibernation in the male little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus
lucifugus: annual rhythm of plasma cortisol levels, Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 44, 1981, 269-278.
[5] E Widmaier and T. Kunz, Basal, diurnal, and stress-induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats, Journal of
Experimental Zoology, 265, 1993, 533-540.
[6] E Widmaier, T. Harmer, A. Sulak and T. Kunz, Further characterization of the pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress in
Chiroptera, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 269, 1994, 442-449.
[7] D Reeder, H. Raff, T. Kunz and E. Widmaier, Characterization of pituitary-adrenocortical activity in the Malayan flying fox
(Pteropus vampyrus), Journal of Comparative Physiology (B), 176, 2006, 513-519.
[8] C Zancanaro, M. Malatesta, P. Vogel and S. Fakan, Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of hibernating, arousing and euthermic
dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, Anatomical Record, 249, 1997, 359-364.
[9] G Vinson, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microscopy Research and Technique, 61, 2002, 227-239.
[10] S Tokar, E. Koval, E. Yavorskaand and M. Lukyanetz, Ultrastructural characteristics of lipid droplets in rat adrenocortical cells
from zona fasciculata-reticularis, Fiziol Zh, 50, 2004, 107-13.
[1] Aljadi, A.M. and M.Y. Kamaruddin, (2004). Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Pollen Morphology of Some Members of Nigerian Clusiaceae and Its Taxonomic Significance |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nnamani, C. V., Nwosu, M. O. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0331419 |
Abstract :The palynological features of three members of Nigerian Clusiaceae were assessed by light
microscopy (LM) after acetolysis in order to determine the observed external and internal peculiarities of these
species, with respect to their taxonomic implications. These species were Harungana madagascariensis (Lam.)
ex Poir., Garcinia kola Heckel. and Pentadesma butyracea Sabine. Results revealed many interesting
palynological features with significant taxonomic values. Pollen grains are radially symmetrical, shed in
monads and isopolar in all the taxa. Apertural types are tetracolporate and zonocolporate for G. kola and P.
butyracea but tricolporate in H. madagascariensis. Pollen form indices vary significantly from 0.55 ± 0.02, 1.59
± 0.12 and 1.18 ± 0.01 to give pollen shapes of oblate spheroidal, spheroidal and subspheroidal for H.
madagascariensis, G. kola and P. butyracea, respectively. Pore orientation is angulaperturate in all while the
exine ornamentations were coarsely psilate in G. kola and P. butyracea but reticulate in H. madagascariensis.
The above features are of high taxonomic value in the classification of these species. Their taxonomic
implications were discussed.
Key Words: Taxonomic Values, Pollen Features, Nigerian, Cluusiaceae,
Key Words: Taxonomic Values, Pollen Features, Nigerian, Cluusiaceae,
[1] Adebisi, A. A. (2002). A Case Study of Garcinia kola Nut Production to Consumption System in J4. Area of Omo Forest Reserve.
In: Sunderland, T. and Ndoye, O. (eds). Forest Products, Livelihood and Conservation. Africa Publishers. 139 p p.
[2] Adebukunola, O., Adefule-Ositelu, B. O., Adegbehingbe, A. K. Adefule, O. O., Adegbehingbe, E. S. and Kehinde O. (2010).
Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. East
African Journal of Ophthalmology. 17:1,88-93.
[3] Adefule, A. K., Oosa, B. O. and Onyenafa, P. C. (2004). Antifungal Activities of Garcinia kola Extracts on Purulent Discharges in
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Quarterly Journal Hospital Medicine. 14: 112-114.
[4] Adegbehingbe, O. O, Adesanya, S. A, Idowu, T. O, Okimi, O. C, Oyelami, O. A, Iwalewa, E. O. (2008). Clinical Effects of
Garcinia kola in Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthop Surgone; 3:34-38.
[5] Aduradola, A. M. (1999). Preliminary Investigation of some Factors Affecting Germination in Seeds of Garcinia kola. Journal
of Tropical Ethnoforestry 2(1): 47-46.
[6] Aniche, G. N. and Uwakwe, G. U.( 2010). Potential Use of G. kola as Hop Substitude in Large Beer Brewing. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology: 6: 3, 87-82.
[7] ASICUMPON, (2005). Check List of Medicinal Plants of Nigeria and their Uses. Trinity Biz Publishers, Nigeria, 135, pp.
[8] Bashir, S. and Khan, M. A. (2003). Pollen Morphology as an Aid to the Identification of Medicinal Plants: Trianthema
portulacastrum L., Boerhaavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. and Alternanthera pungens Kunth. J. Hamdard Medicus, XLVI: 7–10.
[9] Bisby, F. A., Roskov, Y. R., Ruggiero, M. A., Orrell, T. M., Paglinawan, L. E.; Brewer, P. W. and Bailly, N. (2007). Species 2000
and ITIS Catalogue of Life: In: Hertum, J. V. (ed) 2007 Annual Checklist. Reading, U.K.
[10] Bonsen, K.. J. M. and Kucera, L. J. (1990). Vessel Occlusion in Plants: Morphological and evolutionary Aspects. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin II (4): 393-399.
In: Sunderland, T. and Ndoye, O. (eds). Forest Products, Livelihood and Conservation. Africa Publishers. 139 p p.
[2] Adebukunola, O., Adefule-Ositelu, B. O., Adegbehingbe, A. K. Adefule, O. O., Adegbehingbe, E. S. and Kehinde O. (2010).
Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. East
African Journal of Ophthalmology. 17:1,88-93.
[3] Adefule, A. K., Oosa, B. O. and Onyenafa, P. C. (2004). Antifungal Activities of Garcinia kola Extracts on Purulent Discharges in
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Quarterly Journal Hospital Medicine. 14: 112-114.
[4] Adegbehingbe, O. O, Adesanya, S. A, Idowu, T. O, Okimi, O. C, Oyelami, O. A, Iwalewa, E. O. (2008). Clinical Effects of
Garcinia kola in Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthop Surgone; 3:34-38.
[5] Aduradola, A. M. (1999). Preliminary Investigation of some Factors Affecting Germination in Seeds of Garcinia kola. Journal
of Tropical Ethnoforestry 2(1): 47-46.
[6] Aniche, G. N. and Uwakwe, G. U.( 2010). Potential Use of G. kola as Hop Substitude in Large Beer Brewing. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology: 6: 3, 87-82.
[7] ASICUMPON, (2005). Check List of Medicinal Plants of Nigeria and their Uses. Trinity Biz Publishers, Nigeria, 135, pp.
[8] Bashir, S. and Khan, M. A. (2003). Pollen Morphology as an Aid to the Identification of Medicinal Plants: Trianthema
portulacastrum L., Boerhaavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. and Alternanthera pungens Kunth. J. Hamdard Medicus, XLVI: 7–10.
[9] Bisby, F. A., Roskov, Y. R., Ruggiero, M. A., Orrell, T. M., Paglinawan, L. E.; Brewer, P. W. and Bailly, N. (2007). Species 2000
and ITIS Catalogue of Life: In: Hertum, J. V. (ed) 2007 Annual Checklist. Reading, U.K.
[10] Bonsen, K.. J. M. and Kucera, L. J. (1990). Vessel Occlusion in Plants: Morphological and evolutionary Aspects. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin II (4): 393-399.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Supplementation of Embelica Officinalis on Mushroom Nutraceuticals |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Poonam Dehariya, Deepak Vyas |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0332024 |
Abstract :In present scenario malnutrition is a biggest problem of India. Increasing population and non
judicial uses of natural resources have great concern. Present study deals with the production of nutraceuticals
from mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer) grown on different substrates and enhancement in these
nutraceuticals by supplementation of Embelica officinalis. Results reveals that among all the used substrates
viz. soybean straw, wheat straw, paddy straw, sunflower stalks, sugarcane bagasses and maize stalks, soybean
straw was proved best in terms of nutraceuticals and there was increase in nutritive as well as mineral contents
after supplementation. Thus Embelica officinalis should preferred for the supplementation of Pleurotus sajorcaju.
Key words: Nutraceutical, Mushroom, Substrates, Supplementation, nutrition.
Key words: Nutraceutical, Mushroom, Substrates, Supplementation, nutrition.
1] Bagchi D. Nutraceuticals and functional foods regulations in the United States and around the world. Toxicology 2006;
221(1):1‐3.
[2] Hardy G. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: introduction and meaning. Nutrition 2000; 16(7‐8): 688‐689.
[3] The Health & Wellness Foods Industry in India: An Overview. Tata Strategic Management Group. Osaka International Business
Promotion Center. 2009.
[4] Palthur MP, Palthur SSS, Chitta SK Nutraceutical: Concept and regulatory scenario. International journal of pharmacy and
pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2: 14-20.
[5] Mizuno, T. (1999). Bioactive Substances in Hericium erinaceus (Bull; Fr.) Press. (Yamabushitake), and its medicinal Utilization.
Int. J. of Med. Mush. 1: 105-119.
[6] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall, R.J Protein measurement with folin phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265- 275.
[7] Association of official Agricultural Chemist (AOAC), 6th Edition, Washington DC, Longman Group Limited, 1984; 153.
[8] Masamba KG, Kazombo-Mwale R Determination and comparison of nutrient and mineral contents between cultivated and
indigenous edible mushrooms in Central Malawi. African Journal of Food Science 2010; 4: 176-179.
[9] Dehariya, P., Chaubey, A. and Vyas, D. (2010). Mushrooms: A nutritive food for human beings. Microbial biotech. and Ecology
(Eds: D. Vyas, N. Khare, A.K. Pandey) pp.344-352. Daya Publication New Delhi.
[10] Pandey, A. K. (2010). Mushroom Biodiversity: A natural remedy for malnutrition in India (Abst.) National Seminar on Role of
Biodiversity in sustainable agriculture (Jhansi). March 4-5 pp 72-73.
[2] Hardy G. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: introduction and meaning. Nutrition 2000; 16(7‐8): 688‐689.
[3] The Health & Wellness Foods Industry in India: An Overview. Tata Strategic Management Group. Osaka International Business
Promotion Center. 2009.
[4] Palthur MP, Palthur SSS, Chitta SK Nutraceutical: Concept and regulatory scenario. International journal of pharmacy and
pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2: 14-20.
[5] Mizuno, T. (1999). Bioactive Substances in Hericium erinaceus (Bull; Fr.) Press. (Yamabushitake), and its medicinal Utilization.
Int. J. of Med. Mush. 1: 105-119.
[6] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall, R.J Protein measurement with folin phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265- 275.
[7] Association of official Agricultural Chemist (AOAC), 6th Edition, Washington DC, Longman Group Limited, 1984; 153.
[8] Masamba KG, Kazombo-Mwale R Determination and comparison of nutrient and mineral contents between cultivated and
indigenous edible mushrooms in Central Malawi. African Journal of Food Science 2010; 4: 176-179.
[9] Dehariya, P., Chaubey, A. and Vyas, D. (2010). Mushrooms: A nutritive food for human beings. Microbial biotech. and Ecology
(Eds: D. Vyas, N. Khare, A.K. Pandey) pp.344-352. Daya Publication New Delhi.
[10] Pandey, A. K. (2010). Mushroom Biodiversity: A natural remedy for malnutrition in India (Abst.) National Seminar on Role of
Biodiversity in sustainable agriculture (Jhansi). March 4-5 pp 72-73.