Volume-3 ~ Issue-2
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antiemetic in Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: new option |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Balaram Ghosh, Suman Chattopadhyay, Tapan Kr. Naskar, Biswanath Biswas, Manasi Banerjee, Mihir Sarkar |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0320105  |
Abstract:Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean<
delivery are distressing to patients, anaeathesist and surgeon. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy
and safety of granisetron and ramosetron (both potent 5HT3 receptor antagonist) on the incidences of nausea
and vomiting in caesarean delivery after spinal anaesthesia in India.
Place & Duration of Study: The study was done at Eden Hospital, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, India for
six months (November, 2011 to April, 2012).
Patients, Design & Methods of Study: In this randomized, double-blind study, 120 parturients (60 in each
group) received granisetron (2mg in 2 ml) or ramosetron (0.3 mg in 2 ml) intravenously immediately after
clamping of the foetal umbilical cord. Nausea, vomiting and adverse events were then observed for 48 h after
administration of spinal anaesthesia.
Results: A complete response (defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting) during first 0-2 h
postoperative after administration of spinal anaesthesia was achieved in 83.3 % of patients with granisetron
and in 86% of patients with ramosetron. The corresponding incidence during 2 to 24 h was 85% and 88.3 %,
while it was 70% and 91.6% at 24–48 h after anesthesia (p < 0.05). At 24–48 h after anesthesia, nausea and
vomiting were less severe in patients who received ramosetron than in those who received granisetron (p <
0.05). Patients who received ramosetron were also more satisfied than those who received granisetron (p <
0.05). No difference in adverse events was observed in any of the groups.
Conclusion: Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is more effective than prophylactic therapy with granisetron for the long-term prevention of PONV in caesarean section in India.
Conclusion: Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is more effective than prophylactic therapy with granisetron for the long-term prevention of PONV in caesarean section in India.
[1] Santos A, Dutta S. Prophylactic use of droperidol for control of nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean
section. Anesth Analg 1984; 63 : 85-7.
[2] Lussos S, BaderA, Thornhill M, Datta S. The anti-emetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective caesarean
delivery during spinal anaesthesia. Reg. Anaesthesia 1992; 17: 126-130.
[3] Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 326-41.
[4] Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H and Toyooka H. Granisetron/dexamethasone combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea
and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17 : 64-68.
[5] Janknegt R. Double-blind comparative study of droperidol, granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic
therapy in patients undergoing abdominal, gynaecological, breast or otolaryngological surgery. Anaesthesia 1999; 54 : 1059-
68.
[6] Rabasseda X. Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting. Drugs Today 2002; 38 :75-89.
[7] Akuzawa S, Ito H, Yamaguchi T. Comparative study of ramosetron and granisetron binding in the cloned human 5-
hydroxytryptamine3receptors. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 78: 381-4.
[8] Feng FY, Zhang P, He HJ, Li YH, Zhou MZ, Cheng G, Yamamoto M. Comparison of the selective serotonin 3 antagonists
ramosetron and granisetron in treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, nausea, and anorexia: a single-blind, randomized,
crossover study. Current Therapeutic Research 2000: 61: 901-9.
[9] Gautam PL, Kaul TK. PONV- An unsolved problem : Editotial J Anaesthesaiology Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 18 : 3-4.
[10] Fujii Y, Tanaka H. Comparison of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy. Clin
Ther 2002; 24:766-72.
section. Anesth Analg 1984; 63 : 85-7.
[2] Lussos S, BaderA, Thornhill M, Datta S. The anti-emetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective caesarean
delivery during spinal anaesthesia. Reg. Anaesthesia 1992; 17: 126-130.
[3] Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 326-41.
[4] Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H and Toyooka H. Granisetron/dexamethasone combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea
and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17 : 64-68.
[5] Janknegt R. Double-blind comparative study of droperidol, granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic
therapy in patients undergoing abdominal, gynaecological, breast or otolaryngological surgery. Anaesthesia 1999; 54 : 1059-
68.
[6] Rabasseda X. Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting. Drugs Today 2002; 38 :75-89.
[7] Akuzawa S, Ito H, Yamaguchi T. Comparative study of ramosetron and granisetron binding in the cloned human 5-
hydroxytryptamine3receptors. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 78: 381-4.
[8] Feng FY, Zhang P, He HJ, Li YH, Zhou MZ, Cheng G, Yamamoto M. Comparison of the selective serotonin 3 antagonists
ramosetron and granisetron in treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, nausea, and anorexia: a single-blind, randomized,
crossover study. Current Therapeutic Research 2000: 61: 901-9.
[9] Gautam PL, Kaul TK. PONV- An unsolved problem : Editotial J Anaesthesaiology Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 18 : 3-4.
[10] Fujii Y, Tanaka H. Comparison of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy. Clin
Ther 2002; 24:766-72.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The effects of Honey and Aloe Vera extract on Ibuprofen Induced Liver Damage in rats. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | A.M. Garba, B. Mohammed, S. H. Garba*, A. I. Numan, B. M. Dalori |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-03206106 |
Abstract :This study was designed to determine the effect of Aloe Vera extract and honey against ibuprofen
induced liver damage in albino rats. A total of twenty five (25) adult male albino rats weighing 100-150g were
divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each. Rats in group I served as control and were
administered normal saline in a volume equivalent to the highest dosed group, rats in group II were
administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen, rats in group III were administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen and 10 gkg-1
of Aloe Vera extract , rats in group IV were administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen and 10 gkg-1 of honey while
rats in group V were administered with 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen , 10 gkg-1 of Aloe Vera extract and 10 gkg-1 of
honey orally. The result showed a slight increase in liver weight, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of
Aspartate minotransferases (ASAT) , Alanine aminotransferases (ALAT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the
ibuprofen treated rats when compared to the control rats. Administration of Aloe vera extract and honey did not
reverse the damage caused. Histological findings indicate severe dilation of blood vessel, necrosis of vascular
connective tissues, wide spread vacuolar degeneration, edema and bile duct hyperplasia. The result indicates
that Aloe vera extract and honey has little or no effect in preventing ibuprofen induced toxicity.
Key words: Honey, Aloe vera, Ibuprofen, Hepatotoxic, hyperplasia
Key words: Honey, Aloe vera, Ibuprofen, Hepatotoxic, hyperplasia
[1] Aljadi, A.M. and M.Y. Kamaruddin, (2004). Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Reducing Incidences of Medication Errors at home through Technology |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Priya Prasad, Sanjay P. Wate |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0321116 |
Abstract :Medicines are found almost in every household of India. Due to the complex use of medicines, there
may be many errors, mistakes, doubts and queries related to medicines among outpatients. This is basically a
research survey, conducted to ensure the necessity of a toll free medicine helpline number in India, to answer
the queries of the general public. Mobile phones are the fastest means of communication and obtaining
information instantly. So we can use this technology to get instant information related to medicines. For this
study a questionnaire was designed for outpatients. Their answers were statistically analyzed and based on the
results, conclusions were drawn.
Keyword: Free medical helpline number, healthy citizens, mobile phones, medicines, and medication errors
Keyword: Free medical helpline number, healthy citizens, mobile phones, medicines, and medication errors
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2012)
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Medical Association, 274, 1995, 35-43.
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2011, 98-9.
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13(2), 1999, 145–66.
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Planning, 2(3), 1987, 204-213.
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[9] World Health Statistics, Geneva WHO, WHO, 2007.
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analysis, The Lancet, 362, 2003, 111-13.
2012 August 22]. Available from: http://www.nccmerp.org/aboutMedErrors.html
[2] Five rights of medication administration. Available from: http://www.nurses-neighborhood.com/5-rights.html (accessed August 22,
2012)
[3] L. Leape, D. Bates, and D. Cullen, Systems analysis of adverse drug events.: ADE Prevention Study Group. Journal of American
Medical Association, 274, 1995, 35-43.
[4] V. Dua, C. Kunin, and L. White, The Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Nagpur, India: a window on medical care in a developing
country, Journal of Social Science and Medicines, 38, 1994, 717-24.
[5] A. Kotwani and K. Hokkoway, Trends in antibiotic use among outpatients in New Delhi, India, BMC infectious diseases, 11(1)
2011, 98-9.
[6] J. Smith, Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status, Journal of Economic Perspectives,
13(2), 1999, 145–66.
[7] S.J. Fabricant and N. Hirschhorn , Unprotected Use: irrationality of pharmaceuticals in the developing world, Health Policy and
Planning, 2(3), 1987, 204-213.
[8] H.V. Hogerzeil, Promoting Rational Prescribing: an international perspective, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39 1995,
1-6.
[9] World Health Statistics, Geneva WHO, WHO, 2007.
[10] K. Xu, D. Evans, K. Kawabata, R. Zeramdini, J. Klavus,and C. Murray, Household catastrophic health expenditure: multi-country
analysis, The Lancet, 362, 2003, 111-13.