Volume-3 ~ Issue-1
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in Retailed Smoked Fish, Within Bauchi Metropolis |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | Moshood A. Yusuf, TengkuHaziyamin Abdul Tengku Abdul Hamid |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0310105  |
Abstract: 30 smoked fish samples were bought from retailers within Bauchi metropolis, from three different locations, for the isolation and identification of bacteria. 16 (53%) of the samples were catfish (Clarias specie) which were dried in the sun before smoking (DSF) and the other 14 (47%) samples were frozen mackerel which had been thawed before smoking (ISF). The dried smoked fish (DSF) samples showed the mean bacteria count of 2.4 x 104 cfu/g which was observed to be less than the mean count in iced smoked fish (ISF) samples which is 2.8 x 104 cfu/g. The three different locations which includes: Yelwa market, Wunti market and Muda Lawan market showed different aerobic bacteria count. A serial dilution of up to 10-3 in peptone water was carried out. 1ml of each sample was cultured by pour plating on Nutrient agar and McConkey agar and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The isolates identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus spp and Bacillus cereus. The biochemical tests carried out for the identification for these isolates includes: Catalase test, Coagulase test, Urease test, triple sugar ion test, citrate utilization test and indole formation test.
Key Word: smoked fish, bacteria, identification, serial dilution
Key Word: smoked fish, bacteria, identification, serial dilution
[1] Adams M.R and Moss M.O. Food Microbiology, University of Surrey, Guild Ford, UK. RS. P. 12, 23, 122, 123, 1999 305-309.
[2] Brown G. E, A Report on the Prevalence of Bacteria specie in Retailed Smoked Fish within Bauchi Metropolis. 2004.
[3] Prescott, L.M., Harry, J.P. and Klein, D.A, Food and Industrial Microbiology. Chapter 43, 4th Edition, New york, Mc Graw Hill publication. 1999.
[4] Adegoke G.O, Understanding Food Microbiology, 2nd Ed 2004 p.173-174.
[5] Singleton P, Bacteria in Biology, Biotechnology & Medicine. 4 thEdition P. 324-338 John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester ISBN 0-471-97468-4. 1997.
[6] Cheesbrough District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 2. 2000 P. 13, 48-49, 62-70.
[7] Oyeleke, S B. and Manga, B. S, Essentials Of Laboratory Practicals in Microbiology 2008. P. 63-65.
[8] James, M. Modern Food Microbiology, 6th Edition. Aspen Publication. 2000, P.152-154.
[9] Umoh, U.J. and Odoba M.B. Safety and Quality Evaluation of Street Foods Sold in Zaria kuna State, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal, 1999, 10:9-14.
[2] Brown G. E, A Report on the Prevalence of Bacteria specie in Retailed Smoked Fish within Bauchi Metropolis. 2004.
[3] Prescott, L.M., Harry, J.P. and Klein, D.A, Food and Industrial Microbiology. Chapter 43, 4th Edition, New york, Mc Graw Hill publication. 1999.
[4] Adegoke G.O, Understanding Food Microbiology, 2nd Ed 2004 p.173-174.
[5] Singleton P, Bacteria in Biology, Biotechnology & Medicine. 4 thEdition P. 324-338 John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester ISBN 0-471-97468-4. 1997.
[6] Cheesbrough District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 2. 2000 P. 13, 48-49, 62-70.
[7] Oyeleke, S B. and Manga, B. S, Essentials Of Laboratory Practicals in Microbiology 2008. P. 63-65.
[8] James, M. Modern Food Microbiology, 6th Edition. Aspen Publication. 2000, P.152-154.
[9] Umoh, U.J. and Odoba M.B. Safety and Quality Evaluation of Street Foods Sold in Zaria kuna State, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal, 1999, 10:9-14.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Present Status of Wetland Biodiversity - A Study in Sujanagar Upazila, Pabna, Bangladesh |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Md. Shafiqul-Islam |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0310613 |
Abstract :This exploratory study was conducted over a period of three months; it was concentrated in three unions of Sujanagar Upazilla in Pabna district. The present state of wetland biodiversity is exacerbated due to a series of problems, including poverty, population growth, force from pressure groups and construction of flood-control embankment, through inappropriate regulations of water flow (sluicegate). Many species, including fish, plants and aquatic species, are shown to be threatened and endangered due to siltation of beel, changing physical nature of wetlands, indiscriminate uses of chemicals, construction of embankment and fishing of broods. Physical changes in watersheds and floodplains have drastically reduced the area and quality of wetlands. Flood-control embankments and water control structures have blocked fish migration routes. On the other hand, expanded irrigation ofcultivated areas and expanding areas of winter-rice cultivation have reduced the water available for aquatic life to survive in the six-month dry season. Losses of tree cover and poor cultivation practices in watersheds have caused high rates of siltation in rivers and loss of floodplain wetlands. The wetland environment unites the inhabitants into a society, which has a definite shape, culture and livelihood pattern. Over-exploitation of aquatic resources, destruction of habitats, unwise use of agrochemicals, land use conflict and conversion of land and construction of embankment and sluicegates are the major threats to wetland biodiversity. Many fishermen are losing their profession due to loss of wetland biodiversity (lack of fish). People's active participation can secure wetland restoration. Participatory wetland resource management or initiatives might save wetland biodiversity and aquatic resources.
Key words: Wetland biodiversity; threatened; endangered; climate change; impacts; restoration.
Key words: Wetland biodiversity; threatened; endangered; climate change; impacts; restoration.
[1] Ahmed, A. T. A. 1995. Impact of other sectoral development on the inland capture fisheries of Bangladesh. The Fourth Asian Fisheries Forum. China Ocean Press, Beijing, China.
[2] Ahmed, I., B. J. Deaton, R. Sarker, and T. Virani. 2008. Wetland ownership and management in a common property resource setting: A case study of Hakaluki Haor in Bangladesh. Ecological Economics 68:429-436.
[3] Ahmed, M. R. 1997. Socioeconomic and policy issues in the floodplain fisheries of Bangladesh in C. Tsai, and M. Y. Ali, editors. Open water fisheries of Bangladesh. UPL, Dhaka.
[4] Akbar Ali Khan (1993) 'Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Options,' in Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Issues and Approaches for Management, edits by Ainun Nishat et al (1993), IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Dhaka Bangladesh.
[5] Dugan, P. 1990. Wetland conservation: a review of current issues and required action
Pages 45-53 in A. Nishat, Z. Hussain, M. K. Roy, and A. Karim, editors. Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh: issues and approaches for management. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Switzerland.
[6] FAO (1988) 'Agro-ecological Regions of Bangladesh,' FAO, Rome.
[7] Karim, A. 1993. Plant diversity and their conservation in freshwater wetlands. Pages 75-104 in A. Nishat, Z. Hussain, M. K. Roy, and A. Karim, editors. Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh: issues and approaches for management. IUCN, Switzerland.
[8] Khan, M. S., E. Haq, S. Huq, A. A. Rahman, S. M. A. Rashid, and H. Ahmed 1994. Wetlands of Bangladesh. Holiday Printers Ltd., Bangladesh.
[9] Khan, M. S., E. Haq, S. Huq, A. A. Rahman, S. M. A. Rashid, and H. Ahmed 2009. Wetlands of Bangladesh. Holiday Printers Ltd, Bangladesh.
[10] Nishat, A.1993. 'Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Status and Issues", in Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Issues and Approaches for Management, Aninun Nishat, et al (eds.), IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Dhaka Bangladesh.
[2] Ahmed, I., B. J. Deaton, R. Sarker, and T. Virani. 2008. Wetland ownership and management in a common property resource setting: A case study of Hakaluki Haor in Bangladesh. Ecological Economics 68:429-436.
[3] Ahmed, M. R. 1997. Socioeconomic and policy issues in the floodplain fisheries of Bangladesh in C. Tsai, and M. Y. Ali, editors. Open water fisheries of Bangladesh. UPL, Dhaka.
[4] Akbar Ali Khan (1993) 'Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Options,' in Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Issues and Approaches for Management, edits by Ainun Nishat et al (1993), IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Dhaka Bangladesh.
[5] Dugan, P. 1990. Wetland conservation: a review of current issues and required action
Pages 45-53 in A. Nishat, Z. Hussain, M. K. Roy, and A. Karim, editors. Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh: issues and approaches for management. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Switzerland.
[6] FAO (1988) 'Agro-ecological Regions of Bangladesh,' FAO, Rome.
[7] Karim, A. 1993. Plant diversity and their conservation in freshwater wetlands. Pages 75-104 in A. Nishat, Z. Hussain, M. K. Roy, and A. Karim, editors. Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh: issues and approaches for management. IUCN, Switzerland.
[8] Khan, M. S., E. Haq, S. Huq, A. A. Rahman, S. M. A. Rashid, and H. Ahmed 1994. Wetlands of Bangladesh. Holiday Printers Ltd., Bangladesh.
[9] Khan, M. S., E. Haq, S. Huq, A. A. Rahman, S. M. A. Rashid, and H. Ahmed 2009. Wetlands of Bangladesh. Holiday Printers Ltd, Bangladesh.
[10] Nishat, A.1993. 'Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Status and Issues", in Freshwater Wetlands in Bangladesh: Issues and Approaches for Management, Aninun Nishat, et al (eds.), IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Dhaka Bangladesh.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Perceived Social Benefits, Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcoholic Beverages Consumption on Nutritional Status of Road Transport Workers in Lagos |
| Country | : | Ondo State |
| Authors | : | Mustapha R.A., Bolajoko O.O., Hammed I.A., Akinola O.O |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0311418 |
Abstract :
Background: The influence of cigarette smoking and alcoholic beverages consumption on health and nutrient intake and its effect on metabolic processes has been well elucidated in the literature.
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the perceived benefits and effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on nutritional status of road transport workers in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Method: A total of 205 male transport workers were selected using quota and random sampling method. Socioeconomic data and dietary intake, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption pattern were assessed using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire, 24 hour dietary recall and anthropometry protocol.
Results: Findings show that their mean age and weight were 32.8 years and 64kg respectively. The mean energy and protein intake were 2029 kcal/day and 81.7g/day. Energy intake met only 70% of RDA but alcohol was found to significantly (P<0.05) affect the intake of energy giving nutrients. Also intake of micronutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin B2 and vitamin B3 were all lower than their RDA. 51.2% of the subjects were cigarette smokers and alcoholics. Different reasons were perceived by subjects for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, which includes boosting sexual power (35%), suppressed cold (56.8%), increased confidence (29.4%), taken for fun (43.2%), prevents sleeping at work (24.8%), and boosting of energy at work (35.6%). Smoking and alcohol consumption significantly affect their BMI (P<0.05) and 30.8% of the subjects were underweight, 18% were overweight, while 3.9% were obese.
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption impaired appetite, nutrient utilization and bioavailability, energy intake and bring about future health problems.
Keywords: Alcohol, Cigarette smoking, nutrient consumption, perceived benefits.
Background: The influence of cigarette smoking and alcoholic beverages consumption on health and nutrient intake and its effect on metabolic processes has been well elucidated in the literature.
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the perceived benefits and effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on nutritional status of road transport workers in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Method: A total of 205 male transport workers were selected using quota and random sampling method. Socioeconomic data and dietary intake, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption pattern were assessed using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire, 24 hour dietary recall and anthropometry protocol.
Results: Findings show that their mean age and weight were 32.8 years and 64kg respectively. The mean energy and protein intake were 2029 kcal/day and 81.7g/day. Energy intake met only 70% of RDA but alcohol was found to significantly (P<0.05) affect the intake of energy giving nutrients. Also intake of micronutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin B2 and vitamin B3 were all lower than their RDA. 51.2% of the subjects were cigarette smokers and alcoholics. Different reasons were perceived by subjects for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, which includes boosting sexual power (35%), suppressed cold (56.8%), increased confidence (29.4%), taken for fun (43.2%), prevents sleeping at work (24.8%), and boosting of energy at work (35.6%). Smoking and alcohol consumption significantly affect their BMI (P<0.05) and 30.8% of the subjects were underweight, 18% were overweight, while 3.9% were obese.
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption impaired appetite, nutrient utilization and bioavailability, energy intake and bring about future health problems.
Keywords: Alcohol, Cigarette smoking, nutrient consumption, perceived benefits.
[1] McPhillips JB, Eaton CB, Gans KM, Derby CA, Lasater TM, McKenny JL, and Carlton RA (1994). Dietary differences in smokers and non-smokers from two southeastern New England communities. J Am Diet Assoc. 94(3):287-292.
[2] Parrott, A.C. (1999). Does cigarette smoking causes stress? American Psychologist 5{10):817.
[3] Fisher M, and Gordon T (1985). The relation of drinking and smoking habits to diet: the Lipid. Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 41:623-630
[4] Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, and Mirwald RL (1987). The relationship of physical activity to smoking characteristics in Canadian men and women. Can J Pub Health. 78:155-160
[5] WHO (2008). Report on global tobacco epidemic: World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[6] WHO (2009). Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged 15 years. World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[7] Leo, M.A., Arai, M., Sato, M. and Lieber, C.S. (1982). Effects of hepatic vitamin A depletion on the liver in humans and rats. Gastroenterology 84:562-572.
[8] NCHS United States Public Health Services (1976). Health resources administration. Growth charts. Rockville, MD, USA: National Centre for Health Services.
[9] WHO (1983). Measuring Change in Nutritional Status. National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS), WHO, Geneva.
[10] Platt, B.S. (1975). Tables of representative values of foods commonly used in tropical countries. Medical research council special report series No. 302. (7th Impression) HMSO, London, pp.46
[2] Parrott, A.C. (1999). Does cigarette smoking causes stress? American Psychologist 5{10):817.
[3] Fisher M, and Gordon T (1985). The relation of drinking and smoking habits to diet: the Lipid. Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 41:623-630
[4] Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, and Mirwald RL (1987). The relationship of physical activity to smoking characteristics in Canadian men and women. Can J Pub Health. 78:155-160
[5] WHO (2008). Report on global tobacco epidemic: World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[6] WHO (2009). Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged 15 years. World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[7] Leo, M.A., Arai, M., Sato, M. and Lieber, C.S. (1982). Effects of hepatic vitamin A depletion on the liver in humans and rats. Gastroenterology 84:562-572.
[8] NCHS United States Public Health Services (1976). Health resources administration. Growth charts. Rockville, MD, USA: National Centre for Health Services.
[9] WHO (1983). Measuring Change in Nutritional Status. National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS), WHO, Geneva.
[10] Platt, B.S. (1975). Tables of representative values of foods commonly used in tropical countries. Medical research council special report series No. 302. (7th Impression) HMSO, London, pp.46
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Dietary Chemical Study of the Protection of Calcium against Cadmium Uptake in Freshwater Fish |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S.Krishnammal, Dr.P.S.Navaraj |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0311926 |
Abstract : The dietary calcium to reduce the uptake of Cadmium concentration O.mossambicus with emphasis on biochemical and histopathological analysis is projected in this work. The values of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 of Cadmium to tilapia were 47, 97, 123 and 175 ppm respectively. Therefore, cadmium concentration tested in the sub lethal experiment was 17.5 ppm which corresponds to 10 % of the 96 h LC50. Fish were fed with 0, 10 and 50 mg Ca2+ g-1 food for a month. In the liver, there were blood congestion in sinusoids, vacuolation of hepatocytes and necrosis. In the gills of Cd treatment, edema, lamellar cell hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion and aneurysm were observed. In the kidney, glomerulus's atrophy, tubular swelling and necrosis were seen. The structural damages may be correlated to the significant increase (p≤0.05) in aminotransferase activities. Fish fed with Ca2+ supplemented diets showed a significant alteration when compare with Cd treatment groups. These results indicated that dietary Ca2+ shall be protective in reducing Cd uptake and accumulation in fish exposed to environments contaminated with waterborne Cd.
[1] Association (APHA), 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Edn., The American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation,Washington,DC. Baldisserotto, B., C. Kamunde, A. Matsuo and C.M. Wood, 2004. A protective effect of dietary calcium against acute waterborne cadmium uptake in rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol., 67: 57-73.
[2] Kamunde, A. Matsuo and C.M. Wood, 2004. Acute waterborne cadmium uptake in rainbow trout is reduced by dietary calcium carbonate. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 137C: 363-372
[3] Chowdhury and C.M. Wood, 2005. Effects of dietary calcium and cadmium on cadmium accumulation, calcium and cadmium uptake from the water and their interactions in juvenile rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol., 72: 99-117
[4] Horder, 1986. International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 1 IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase (L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotranferase, EC 2.6.1.2). J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 24:342-349.
[5] Horder, R. Rej, 1986. International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 3. IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotranferase, EC 2.6.1.1). J. Clin. Chem. Clin.Biochem., 24: 497-510.
[6] Probit Analysis. 3rd Edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., pp: 76-80.
[7] Flik, G., P.M. Verbost and S.E. Wendelaar-Bonga, 1995. Calcium Transport Processes in Fishes. In: Fish Physiology Cellular and Molecular Ionic Regulation, Wood, C.M. and T.J. Shuttleworth (Eds.). Vol. 14. Academic Press, San Diego, pp: 317-341. Franklin, N.M., C.N. Glover, J.A. Nicol and C.M. Wood, 2005.
[8] Calcium/cadmium interactions at uptake surfaces in rainbow trout: Waterborne vs dietary routes of exposure. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24: 2954-2964
[9] Pant and H. Tewari, 1988. Branchial pathogenesis in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Ham., chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe, 15: 153-161. Gingerich, W.H., 1982. Hepatic Toxicology of Fishes. In: Aquatic Toxicology, Weber, L.J. (Ed.). Raven Press, New York, pp: 55-105. Grosell, M., R.M. Gerdes and K.V. Brix, 2006. Influence of Ca, humic acid and pH on Cadmiumaccumulation and toxicity in the fathead minnow during prolonged water-borne Cadmiumexposure. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 143C: 473
[10] Geredes and K.V. Brix, 2006. Chronic toxicity of Cadmiumto three freshwater invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25: 97-10
[2] Kamunde, A. Matsuo and C.M. Wood, 2004. Acute waterborne cadmium uptake in rainbow trout is reduced by dietary calcium carbonate. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 137C: 363-372
[3] Chowdhury and C.M. Wood, 2005. Effects of dietary calcium and cadmium on cadmium accumulation, calcium and cadmium uptake from the water and their interactions in juvenile rainbow trout. Aquat. Toxicol., 72: 99-117
[4] Horder, 1986. International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 1 IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase (L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotranferase, EC 2.6.1.2). J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 24:342-349.
[5] Horder, R. Rej, 1986. International federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC) methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 3. IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotranferase, EC 2.6.1.1). J. Clin. Chem. Clin.Biochem., 24: 497-510.
[6] Probit Analysis. 3rd Edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK., pp: 76-80.
[7] Flik, G., P.M. Verbost and S.E. Wendelaar-Bonga, 1995. Calcium Transport Processes in Fishes. In: Fish Physiology Cellular and Molecular Ionic Regulation, Wood, C.M. and T.J. Shuttleworth (Eds.). Vol. 14. Academic Press, San Diego, pp: 317-341. Franklin, N.M., C.N. Glover, J.A. Nicol and C.M. Wood, 2005.
[8] Calcium/cadmium interactions at uptake surfaces in rainbow trout: Waterborne vs dietary routes of exposure. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24: 2954-2964
[9] Pant and H. Tewari, 1988. Branchial pathogenesis in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Ham., chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe, 15: 153-161. Gingerich, W.H., 1982. Hepatic Toxicology of Fishes. In: Aquatic Toxicology, Weber, L.J. (Ed.). Raven Press, New York, pp: 55-105. Grosell, M., R.M. Gerdes and K.V. Brix, 2006. Influence of Ca, humic acid and pH on Cadmiumaccumulation and toxicity in the fathead minnow during prolonged water-borne Cadmiumexposure. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 143C: 473
[10] Geredes and K.V. Brix, 2006. Chronic toxicity of Cadmiumto three freshwater invertebrates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25: 97-10