Volume-2 ~ Issue-2
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Monitoring Of Antimicrobial Effect of GC-MS Standardized Melaleuca alternifolia Oil (Tea Tree Oil) On Multidrug Resistant Uropathogens |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Archana Kulkarni, Nasreen Jan and Seema Nimbarte |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0220614  |
Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate antimicrobial action of tea tree oil (TTO) against multidrug resistant uropathogens. TTO was analysed by GC-MS studies. 16 compounds representing approximately 99% of the oil were characterized. The major compounds were Limonene, γ –Terpinene, α- Terpinene, Cineol and α- Terpinolene. Further the antimicrobial effect of whole TTO was tested against the isolated uropathogens like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial action of TTO was determined by disc diffusion method and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method. The ZOI (mm) and MIC (%) was in the range of 16±4 mm and 0.075% (v/v equivalent) for E. Coli; 20±2 mm and 0.03% for S. aureus; 19±2 mm and 0.10% for K. pneumoniae; 19±2 mm and 0.03% for Proteus mirabilis; 20±2 mm and 0.038% for Proteus vulgaris. TTO showed low MIC values and high growth inhibition zone diameter in comparison to broad spectrum antibiotics – erythromycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin and gentamycin. The result of the bioassay showed that oil possesses potent antibacterial and bacteriostatic property. This paper reviews the classical methods commonly used for evaluation of antibacterial activity of TTO and gives an overview on the susceptibility of human pathogens towards TTO and their constituents.
Key words: α-terpineol , α-terpinen-4-ol, linalool, multidrug resistance, tea tree oil, uropathogens.
Key words: α-terpineol , α-terpinen-4-ol, linalool, multidrug resistance, tea tree oil, uropathogens.
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[3] Baral. P., Neupane. S., Bishnu. P., Kashi. M., Ghimire. R, Lekhak. B., and Shrestha B., High prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu Nepal, BMC Research Notes, 5:38,2012
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[8] Carson. C. F and Riley. T. V., Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 78, 1995, 264–269
[9] Carson. C. F., Hammer. K. A and Riley. T. V., Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties ,Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2006, 19:50-62
[10] Chakaraborty. P., Mehta. M. J., Roy. P. B., Shah. A. D, and Roy. S., J. of Indian Medical Association, 58, 1972, 113-116
[2] Akram. M., Shahid M., Khan A.U., Etiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of community- acquired urinary tract infections in JNMC Hospital Aligarh India, Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob, 6:4,2007
[3] Baral. P., Neupane. S., Bishnu. P., Kashi. M., Ghimire. R, Lekhak. B., and Shrestha B., High prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens from Kathmandu Nepal, BMC Research Notes, 5:38,2012
[4] Bauer. A. W., Kirby. M. M., Sharis. J. L, and Turck. M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standard single disk method, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45, 1966, 493–496
[5] Beylier. M., Bacteriostatic activity of some Australian essential oils , Perfumer and Flavourist 4, 1979, 23–25
[6] Bhaskaran. C. S and Murti. B. R., J. IND. M.A., 1962, 38519
[7] Bishara. J., Pitlik. S., Samra. Z., Levy. I., Paul. M., Leibovici. L., Co-trimoxazole-sensitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Israel 1988–1997, Emerg. Infect. Dis, 2003, 9: 1168–1169
[8] Carson. C. F and Riley. T. V., Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 78, 1995, 264–269
[9] Carson. C. F., Hammer. K. A and Riley. T. V., Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties ,Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2006, 19:50-62
[10] Chakaraborty. P., Mehta. M. J., Roy. P. B., Shah. A. D, and Roy. S., J. of Indian Medical Association, 58, 1972, 113-116
- Citation
- Abstract
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Diversity and EPS Production Potential of Halotolerant Bacteria from Veraval and Dwarka |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sandhya G. Nanjani and Harsha P. Soni |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0222025 |
Abstract: The microbial EPS are used in several biotechnological applications viz., cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agricultural, paints and petroleum industries. Due to their extensive range of applications and also their bioactive roles there is increased interest for unusual and novel EPS. Less exploited saline and hypersaline environment may harbor microorganisms capable of producing unusual EPS with biotechnological interest. There are no reports of EPS production by halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from Gujarat. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to isolate halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, study their diversity and test their potential for EPS production. Four saline soil samples were collected, three from Veraval and one from Dwarka. The halophilic bacteria were enriched in media supplemented with 5% glucose containing increasing salt concentration from 5% to 35% NaCl. After enrichment organisms were isolated on solidified media containing salt concentration mentioned. Increasing salt concentration adversely affected growth. A total of 73 morphologically distinct isolates were studied. Less diverse colonies were obtained at low as well as extremely high salt concentration. The incidence of gram negative isolates decreased with increasing salt concentration. Organisms capable of growing at 35% NaCl concentration have been isolated. Out of 73 isolates, 23 isolates showing mucoid appearance were tested for EPS production which ranged from 0.2 gl-l to 10.60gl-l.
Key words: Dwarka, Exopolysaccharide, Halotolerant, NaCl, Veraval
Key words: Dwarka, Exopolysaccharide, Halotolerant, NaCl, Veraval
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[2]. Llamas, J. Antonio Mata, R. Tallon, P. Bressollier, M. C. Urdaci, Emilia Quesada and Victoria Béjar. Characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Salipiger mucosus A3T, a halophilic species belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, isolated on the Spanish Mediterranean Seaboard. Marine Drugs, 2010; doi:10.3390/md8082240.
[3]. Sutherland, I. W. Biotechnology of Microbial EPS. Cambridge University: New York, USA, 1990.
[4]. Cojoc, R., Merciu, P. Oancea, E. Pinou, L. Dumitru, M. Enache. Highly thermostable EPS produced by the moderatly halophilic bacterium isolated from a man-made young salt lake in Romania. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 2009, Vol-58, No.4, 289-294.
[5]. Sutherland, I. W. Microbial polysaccharide from gram negative bacteria. Intl Dairy, 2001. J.11: 665-674.
[6]. Calvo, Martínez-Checa, Toledo, J. Porcel, and E. Quesada. Characteristics of bioemulsifiers synthesised in crude oil media by Halomonas eurihalina and their effectiveness in the isolation of bacteria able to grow in the presence of hydrocarbons, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2002. 60: 347–351.
[7]. Martinez-Checa, E. Quesada, M. JoseMartinez-Canovas, I. LLiamas ans V. Bejar. Palleronia marisminoris gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium belonging to the "Alphaproteobacteria", isolated from a saline soil. International journal of systematic and Evolutionary microbiology, 2005, 55:2525-2530.
[8]. Okutani, K. Antiviral activities of sulfated derivatives of a fucosamine containing polysaccharide of marine bacterial origin. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992. 58, 927–930.
[9]. Cormick, CA; Harris , J. E. Jay, A. J.; Ridout, E. J.; Morris, V. J. Isolation and characterisationof new extracellular polysaccharide from an Acetobacter species. J. Appl. Bacteriol 1996; 81: 419-424.
[10]. Hedi, Ajla Sadfi, Mari-Laure Fardeau, hanene Rabib, Jeen-Luc Cayol, Bernard Ollivier and Abdellatif. Studies on the biodiversity of halophilic microorganisms isolated from EI-Djerid Salt Lake (Tunisia) under aerobic conditions. International Journal of Microbiology, 2009. Article ID: 731786.
[2]. Llamas, J. Antonio Mata, R. Tallon, P. Bressollier, M. C. Urdaci, Emilia Quesada and Victoria Béjar. Characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Salipiger mucosus A3T, a halophilic species belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, isolated on the Spanish Mediterranean Seaboard. Marine Drugs, 2010; doi:10.3390/md8082240.
[3]. Sutherland, I. W. Biotechnology of Microbial EPS. Cambridge University: New York, USA, 1990.
[4]. Cojoc, R., Merciu, P. Oancea, E. Pinou, L. Dumitru, M. Enache. Highly thermostable EPS produced by the moderatly halophilic bacterium isolated from a man-made young salt lake in Romania. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 2009, Vol-58, No.4, 289-294.
[5]. Sutherland, I. W. Microbial polysaccharide from gram negative bacteria. Intl Dairy, 2001. J.11: 665-674.
[6]. Calvo, Martínez-Checa, Toledo, J. Porcel, and E. Quesada. Characteristics of bioemulsifiers synthesised in crude oil media by Halomonas eurihalina and their effectiveness in the isolation of bacteria able to grow in the presence of hydrocarbons, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2002. 60: 347–351.
[7]. Martinez-Checa, E. Quesada, M. JoseMartinez-Canovas, I. LLiamas ans V. Bejar. Palleronia marisminoris gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium belonging to the "Alphaproteobacteria", isolated from a saline soil. International journal of systematic and Evolutionary microbiology, 2005, 55:2525-2530.
[8]. Okutani, K. Antiviral activities of sulfated derivatives of a fucosamine containing polysaccharide of marine bacterial origin. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992. 58, 927–930.
[9]. Cormick, CA; Harris , J. E. Jay, A. J.; Ridout, E. J.; Morris, V. J. Isolation and characterisationof new extracellular polysaccharide from an Acetobacter species. J. Appl. Bacteriol 1996; 81: 419-424.
[10]. Hedi, Ajla Sadfi, Mari-Laure Fardeau, hanene Rabib, Jeen-Luc Cayol, Bernard Ollivier and Abdellatif. Studies on the biodiversity of halophilic microorganisms isolated from EI-Djerid Salt Lake (Tunisia) under aerobic conditions. International Journal of Microbiology, 2009. Article ID: 731786.