Volume-1 ~ Issue-6
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Fungal Endophytes of Boswellia Serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae), a Medicinal Tree Species |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sunayana, N. || Prakash, H. S. |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0160105  |
Abstract: Fungal endophytes were isolated from Boswellia serrata, an ethnopharmacologically important tree species used in ayurvedic medicines to treat inflammation. Isolations were made from symptomless bark, inner bark, twig and leaf samples collected from Chamundi Hills, Mysore. A total of 530 isolates were recovered from 3000 tissue fragments of B. serrata. Of these isolates, 522 sporulated and belonged to 17 genera based on morphological characteristics. Among the 17 genera, mitosporic fungi were dominant. Myrothecium verrucaria (10.37%) was the dominant species followed by Phoma spp. (9.24%). High colonization rates of endophytic fungi were found in twigs followed by inner bark, bark and leaf.
Keywords: Boswellia serrata, Endophytes, colonization frequency, diversity index
Keywords: Boswellia serrata, Endophytes, colonization frequency, diversity index
[1] A. Menon, A. Kar. (1970) Analgesic and psychopharmacological effects of the gum resin of Boswellia serrata. Planta Medica 19(3), 1970, 23-28.
[2] M. Babita, S.C. Taneja, and V.K. Sethi, Two triterpenoids from Boswellia serrata gum resin. Phytochemistry 39, 1995, 453-455.
[3] H.W. Zhang, Y.C. Song, R.X. Tan, Biology and chemistry of endophytes. Natural Product 23, 2006b, 753-771.
[4] D. Wilson, Endophyte: the evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Oikos 73, 1995, 274–276.
[5] G. Strobel, Muscodor albus and its biological promise. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 33, 2006, 514–522.
[6] M.C. Wani, H.L. Taylor, M.E. Wall, P. Coggon, and A.T. McPhail, Plant antitumor agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of American Chemistry of Society 93, 1971, 2325-2327.
[7] F. Redko, M. Clavin, D. Weber, T. Anke, and V. Martino, Search for active metabolites of Erythrina crista- galli and its endophytic Phomopsis sp. Molecular and Medicinal Chemistry 10, 2006, 24-26.
[8] J.Y. Li, R.S. Sidhu, A. Bollon, and G.A. Strobel, Stimulation of Taxol Production in liquid cultures of Pestolotiopsis microspora. Mycological Research 102, 1998, 461-464.
[9] T.S. Suryanarayanan, Light-incubation: a neglected procedure in mycology. The Mycologist, 6, 1992, 144.
[10] T. Matsushima, Icons microfungorum as matushima lectorum. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan. 78 1975, 32-34.
[2] M. Babita, S.C. Taneja, and V.K. Sethi, Two triterpenoids from Boswellia serrata gum resin. Phytochemistry 39, 1995, 453-455.
[3] H.W. Zhang, Y.C. Song, R.X. Tan, Biology and chemistry of endophytes. Natural Product 23, 2006b, 753-771.
[4] D. Wilson, Endophyte: the evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Oikos 73, 1995, 274–276.
[5] G. Strobel, Muscodor albus and its biological promise. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 33, 2006, 514–522.
[6] M.C. Wani, H.L. Taylor, M.E. Wall, P. Coggon, and A.T. McPhail, Plant antitumor agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of American Chemistry of Society 93, 1971, 2325-2327.
[7] F. Redko, M. Clavin, D. Weber, T. Anke, and V. Martino, Search for active metabolites of Erythrina crista- galli and its endophytic Phomopsis sp. Molecular and Medicinal Chemistry 10, 2006, 24-26.
[8] J.Y. Li, R.S. Sidhu, A. Bollon, and G.A. Strobel, Stimulation of Taxol Production in liquid cultures of Pestolotiopsis microspora. Mycological Research 102, 1998, 461-464.
[9] T.S. Suryanarayanan, Light-incubation: a neglected procedure in mycology. The Mycologist, 6, 1992, 144.
[10] T. Matsushima, Icons microfungorum as matushima lectorum. Published by the author, Kobe, Japan. 78 1975, 32-34.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Interaction of Mobile Phone Waves with Tissues of Skeletal Muscles and Bone of Human Beings |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Vijay Kumar || A. Sharma || Arvind Kumar || Mustaq Ahmad || G. K. Gupta |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0160616 |
Abstract: Several recent studies have indicated that mobile phone waves have an adverse health effect on cells of human beings. This study evaluated the effects of mobile phone waves on skeletal muscles and bone cells theoretically. The photon of electromagnetic waves (EMW) are scattered by the different tissues and created the phonon. In this process, energy is transferred from one tissue to another and temperature of the tissue is increased. Absorption of energy has been calculated and the effect of the absorption of energy is studied. When EMW of mobile phones are penetrated inside the body, the induced electric field inside the body reduces exponentially with depth. As the reduction in field is due to the absorption of power, specific absorption rate (SAR) is calculated and compared with the permissible limit given by some International Commission of Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and World Health Organization (WHO) etc. The calculations of SAR for different tissues represent that 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2450MHz radiations are harmful for 10cm, 11cm, 12 cm and 14 cm distance from the mobile phone hand set respectively.
Key Words: Mobile phone waves, Electric field, Specific absorption rate (SAR), Skeletal muscles & bone tissues etc.
Key Words: Mobile phone waves, Electric field, Specific absorption rate (SAR), Skeletal muscles & bone tissues etc.
[1]. Are mobile phones harmful, (2000) Acta Oncologic a, 39(8), 927-930.
[2]. Kumar, V., Ahmad, M., Sharma, A. K., (2010) Harmful effects of mobile phone waves on blood tissues of the human body, Eastern Journal of Medicine, 15, 80-89.
[3]. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: A systematic review, Röösli, Environmental Research, Available online 21 March (2008) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.003.
[4]. Poljak, D.,"Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields" 6th ed., Great Britain: WIT Press, (2004).
[5]. Rezael, D., Ochbelagh, R., Borhanifer, A., Asadi, A., (2009) Thermal Effects of Mobile Phone on Tissues, Asian J. Exp. Sci., 23, No. 1, 351-356.
[6]. Otto, M., Ernst, K., Mu8hiendahi, V., (2007) Electromagnetic Fields: Do they play a role in Children's Environmental Health (CEH)? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 210, 635-644.
[7]. Salem, N. M., (2005) Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon interaction on a simple tissue". The Environmentalist, 25, 241-246.
[8]. Hanafy, M. S., (2006) Electric Field affected the molecular structure of the total serum proteins of the mice blood, Romanian J. Biophysics, 16, no. 3, 205-214. Bucharest.
[9]. Elisabeth Diem, Claudia Schwarz, Franz Adlkofer, Oswald Jahn and Hugo Rudiger, (2005) Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro, mutation research/genetic toxicology and environment mutagenesisnesis, 583 (2), 178-183.
[10]. Zeni, O., Schiavoni, A. S., Sannino, A., Antolini, A., Forigo, D., Bersani, F. and Scarfì, M. R. (2003) Lack of Genotoxic Effects (Micronucleus Induction) in Human Lymphocytes Exposed In Vitro to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields. Radiat. Res. 160, 152–158.
[2]. Kumar, V., Ahmad, M., Sharma, A. K., (2010) Harmful effects of mobile phone waves on blood tissues of the human body, Eastern Journal of Medicine, 15, 80-89.
[3]. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: A systematic review, Röösli, Environmental Research, Available online 21 March (2008) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.02.003.
[4]. Poljak, D.,"Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields" 6th ed., Great Britain: WIT Press, (2004).
[5]. Rezael, D., Ochbelagh, R., Borhanifer, A., Asadi, A., (2009) Thermal Effects of Mobile Phone on Tissues, Asian J. Exp. Sci., 23, No. 1, 351-356.
[6]. Otto, M., Ernst, K., Mu8hiendahi, V., (2007) Electromagnetic Fields: Do they play a role in Children's Environmental Health (CEH)? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 210, 635-644.
[7]. Salem, N. M., (2005) Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon interaction on a simple tissue". The Environmentalist, 25, 241-246.
[8]. Hanafy, M. S., (2006) Electric Field affected the molecular structure of the total serum proteins of the mice blood, Romanian J. Biophysics, 16, no. 3, 205-214. Bucharest.
[9]. Elisabeth Diem, Claudia Schwarz, Franz Adlkofer, Oswald Jahn and Hugo Rudiger, (2005) Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro, mutation research/genetic toxicology and environment mutagenesisnesis, 583 (2), 178-183.
[10]. Zeni, O., Schiavoni, A. S., Sannino, A., Antolini, A., Forigo, D., Bersani, F. and Scarfì, M. R. (2003) Lack of Genotoxic Effects (Micronucleus Induction) in Human Lymphocytes Exposed In Vitro to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields. Radiat. Res. 160, 152–158.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | In Vitro Rhizome Production from Nodal Explants and Callus Formation of a Medicinal Plant Dioscorea Oppositifolia L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | R. Uma Maheswari || A. Lakshmi Prabha || V. Nandagopalan || V. Anburaja |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0161721 |
Abstract: In vitro Studies of wild yam also known as Dioscorea oppositifolia L. is reported. Direct organogenesis and indirect organogenesis of D. oppositifolia is achieved in this study. Shoot and root were produced from nodal explants with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1mg/l NAA. Callus was successfully produced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).Multiple shoots were initiated from callus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with-2.0mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.5mg/i kinetin. Root induction was also achieved simultaneously from the base of the shoots in the same medium. Regenerants acclimatized in soil-rite showed vigorous shoot growth (within 2 weeks) and after 5 - 6 months were suitable for planting.
Key words: Dioscorea oppositifolia, diosgenin, nodal culture, callus culture.
Key words: Dioscorea oppositifolia, diosgenin, nodal culture, callus culture.
[1] S. Alizadeh, , S. H. Mantell and A. M. Viana, In vitro shoot culture and microtuber induction in the steroidal yam Dioscorea composite Hemsl. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 53, 1998, 107-112.
[2] M.P. Asokan, , S.K. O'Hair and Litz, In vitro plant development from bulbil explants of two Dioscorea species. Hortic. Sci.,18, 1983, 702-703.
[3] E.S. Ayensu, Anatomy of the monocotyledons VI Dioscoreales Oxford Press, Oxford.p.82. Coursey, D.G.1976. Yams, Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) In: Simmonds ED (Ed) Evolution of crop plants. Longman,London, 1972, pp.70-74.
[4] H.C. Chaturvedi, Propagation of Dioscorea floribunda in vitro culture of single node segments. Curr. Sci., 44, 1975, 839-841.
[5] Y. Chen, J. Fan, F. Yi, Z. Luo, and Y. Fu, Rapid clonal propagation of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 73, 2003, 75-80.
[6] E. P. Chu, and R. C. L. Figueiredo Ribeiro, Growth and carbohydrate changes in shoot cultures of Dioscorea species as influenced by photoperiod, exogenous sucrose and cytokinin concentrations. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 70, 2002, 241-249.
[7] D.G. Coursey, Yams. Longman, Green and Co, London, 230p. Forsyth, C. and Van Staden,J.1982. An improved method of in vitro propagation of Dioscorea bulbifera. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 1, 1967, 275-281.
[8] C Forsyth and J Van Staden, Tuberization of Dioscorea bulbifera stem nodes in culture. J. Plant Physiol. 115: 79–83 Gamborg OL, Eveleigh DE (1968) Culture methods and detection of glucanases in suspension cultures of wheat and barley. Can. J. Biochem. 46, 1984, 417–421.
[9] A. Jasik and S Mantell, Effects of jasmonic acid and its methylester on in vitro microtuberisation of three food yam (Dioscorea) species. Plant Cell Rep., 19, 2000, 863-867.
[10] J.L.John, W.H. Courtney and D.R. Decoteau, The influence of plant growth regulators and light on microtuber induction and formation in Dioscorea alata L. cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 34, 1993, 245-252.
[2] M.P. Asokan, , S.K. O'Hair and Litz, In vitro plant development from bulbil explants of two Dioscorea species. Hortic. Sci.,18, 1983, 702-703.
[3] E.S. Ayensu, Anatomy of the monocotyledons VI Dioscoreales Oxford Press, Oxford.p.82. Coursey, D.G.1976. Yams, Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) In: Simmonds ED (Ed) Evolution of crop plants. Longman,London, 1972, pp.70-74.
[4] H.C. Chaturvedi, Propagation of Dioscorea floribunda in vitro culture of single node segments. Curr. Sci., 44, 1975, 839-841.
[5] Y. Chen, J. Fan, F. Yi, Z. Luo, and Y. Fu, Rapid clonal propagation of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 73, 2003, 75-80.
[6] E. P. Chu, and R. C. L. Figueiredo Ribeiro, Growth and carbohydrate changes in shoot cultures of Dioscorea species as influenced by photoperiod, exogenous sucrose and cytokinin concentrations. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 70, 2002, 241-249.
[7] D.G. Coursey, Yams. Longman, Green and Co, London, 230p. Forsyth, C. and Van Staden,J.1982. An improved method of in vitro propagation of Dioscorea bulbifera. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 1, 1967, 275-281.
[8] C Forsyth and J Van Staden, Tuberization of Dioscorea bulbifera stem nodes in culture. J. Plant Physiol. 115: 79–83 Gamborg OL, Eveleigh DE (1968) Culture methods and detection of glucanases in suspension cultures of wheat and barley. Can. J. Biochem. 46, 1984, 417–421.
[9] A. Jasik and S Mantell, Effects of jasmonic acid and its methylester on in vitro microtuberisation of three food yam (Dioscorea) species. Plant Cell Rep., 19, 2000, 863-867.
[10] J.L.John, W.H. Courtney and D.R. Decoteau, The influence of plant growth regulators and light on microtuber induction and formation in Dioscorea alata L. cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 34, 1993, 245-252.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Control of Postoperative Pain with Peritonsillar Infiltration with Bupivacaine 0.25% in Tonsillectomy Patient |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Vishal Tyagi || Dr. Kamna Sindhu Pal || Dr. Deepika Garg || Dr. Sharmishtha De || Dr. P. S.Nagpure |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0162225 |
Abstract: We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective study to evaluate the effect of intraoperative bupivacaine injection in tonsillar fossa to control the postoperative pain following dissection method tonsillectomy in 40 patients. 20 patients were injected with bupivacaine 10ml of 0.25% and 20 patients were injected with normal saline. Following the surgery we completed the questionnaire to evaluate their pain, oral intake and pain on full jaw opening. After completion of the study we found no statistically significant difference in pain level, oral intake and full jaw opening between the two groups. So this study tells that for pain control bupivacaine as well as placebo had similar effect.
Key words: Pain, bupivacaine, tonsillectomy
Key words: Pain, bupivacaine, tonsillectomy
[1]. Bolliston TA, and Upton J.J.M: Infiltration with lignocaine and adrenaline in adult tonsillectomy. J. Laryngol Otolaryngol, 94:1257-1259, 1980.
[2]. Ginstrom R, Silvola J, Saarnivaara L. Local bupivacaine-epinephrine infiltration combined with general anesthesia for adult tonsillectomy. Acta Otolaryngol 2005; 125(9):972-5.
[3]. Naja MZ, El Rajab M, Kabalan W, et al. Pre-incisional infiltration for paediatric tonsillectomy. A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005;69(10):1333-41.
[4]. Lister MT, Cunningham MJ, Benjamine B et al. Microdebrider tonsillotomy vs electrosurgical tonsillectomy : A randomized, double blind, paired control study of postoperative pain. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132(6): 599-604.
[5]. Sobol SE, Wetmore RF, Marsh RR, et al. postoperative recovery after microdebrider intracapsular or monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132(3):270-4.
[6]. Yusuf Unal, Kutluk Pampal,Sibel Korkmaz, Mustafa Arslan Comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in paediatric patients, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Volume 71, Issue 1 , Pages 83-87, January 2007.
[7]. Jebeles JA, Reilly JS, Gutierrez JF, Bradley EL Jr, Kissin I. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy pain reduction by local bupivacaine infiltration in children. Int J Pediatr Otolaryngol. 1993;25:149-154.
[8]. Schoem SR, Watkins GL, Kuhn JJ, Alburger JF, Zim KZ, Thompson DH. Control of early postoperative pain with bupivacaine in adult local tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:292-293.
[9]. Nunez DA, Provan J, Crawford M. Postoperative tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: electrocautery (hot) vs cold dissection and snare tonsillectomy—a randomized trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:837-841.
[10]. Atallah N, Kumar M, Hilali A, Hickey S. Postoperative pain in tonsillectomy: bipolar electrodissection technique vs dissection ligation technique: a doubleblind randomized prospective trial. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114:667-670.
[2]. Ginstrom R, Silvola J, Saarnivaara L. Local bupivacaine-epinephrine infiltration combined with general anesthesia for adult tonsillectomy. Acta Otolaryngol 2005; 125(9):972-5.
[3]. Naja MZ, El Rajab M, Kabalan W, et al. Pre-incisional infiltration for paediatric tonsillectomy. A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005;69(10):1333-41.
[4]. Lister MT, Cunningham MJ, Benjamine B et al. Microdebrider tonsillotomy vs electrosurgical tonsillectomy : A randomized, double blind, paired control study of postoperative pain. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132(6): 599-604.
[5]. Sobol SE, Wetmore RF, Marsh RR, et al. postoperative recovery after microdebrider intracapsular or monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;132(3):270-4.
[6]. Yusuf Unal, Kutluk Pampal,Sibel Korkmaz, Mustafa Arslan Comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy in paediatric patients, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Volume 71, Issue 1 , Pages 83-87, January 2007.
[7]. Jebeles JA, Reilly JS, Gutierrez JF, Bradley EL Jr, Kissin I. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy pain reduction by local bupivacaine infiltration in children. Int J Pediatr Otolaryngol. 1993;25:149-154.
[8]. Schoem SR, Watkins GL, Kuhn JJ, Alburger JF, Zim KZ, Thompson DH. Control of early postoperative pain with bupivacaine in adult local tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:292-293.
[9]. Nunez DA, Provan J, Crawford M. Postoperative tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: electrocautery (hot) vs cold dissection and snare tonsillectomy—a randomized trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:837-841.
[10]. Atallah N, Kumar M, Hilali A, Hickey S. Postoperative pain in tonsillectomy: bipolar electrodissection technique vs dissection ligation technique: a doubleblind randomized prospective trial. J Laryngol Otol. 2000;114:667-670.