iosr-Jm   Volume-8 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: An examination of breastfeeding and postpartum amenorrhea survey was carried out on 196 rural Mada women in central Nigeria. It was realized that, age, educational background and religious belief does not affect the duration of postpartum amenorrhea (PPA). The survival function of subjects decreases as the duration of breastfeeding without resuming menses increases, while, the hazard function increases as the duration of breastfeeding without return menses increases. Also, the duration of PPA varies from one woman to another. The study also shows that the association between breastfeeding and PPA does not necessarily indicate that duration of breastfeeding affect the duration of PPA, but could be that the two are control by some physiological effect of hormones.

Keywords: Amenorrhea, Breastfeeding, Fertility, Hazard, Postpartum, Survival.

[1] R.G. Potter, M.L. New, J.B. Wyon, and J.E Gordon, Application of Field Studies to Research on the Physiology of Human
Reproduction: Lactation and its Effects on Birth Interval in Eleven Punjab Villages, India. Journal of chronic diseases 18: 1965,
1125-1140.
[2] R.E Jones, A Hazard Model Analysis of Breastfeeding Variables and Maternal Age on Return to Menses Postpartum in Rural
Indonesian Women. Human Biology. 60: 1988, 853-871.
[3] United Nations (1991), Maternal and Child Care Development. Recommendation of Innocent Declaration on Breastfeeding
Promotion (1990). United Nations: New York.
[4] B. Figueiredo, C.C. Dias, R. Nunes-Coasta,, S. Brandao & C. Canario, Breastfeeding and Postpartum Amenorrhea Depression: State of the Art Review. Journal of Pediatric. 13: 2013, S0021-7557.

[5] A.P. Makinde, Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Fertility in Sub-Sahara Africa. Workshop on Prospects for Fertility Decline in High Fertility Countries. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affair. United Nation Secretariat. New York, 2001.

[6] A.G. Pinto, Longitudinal Analysis of the Risk of Resumption of Menses in Guatemalan. CDE Working Paper Centre for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin- Madison. NO. 94: 1995, 23.

[7] J.P. Habicht, J. Davanzo, W.P. Butz, and L. Meyers, The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding. Population Study. 39: 1985, 213.

[8] K.B.S. Bonyata, Breastfeeding and Fertility. International Board Certificated Lactation Consultant (IBCLC), 2011.

[9] A.S.McNeilly, Lactation Control of Reproduction. Reproduction Fertility Development.13, 2001,583.

[10] M.M. Rahman, The Effect of Breastfeeding on Amenorrhea Attrition Rates in Rural Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science 20: 2009, 32-35. [11] M.M. Rahman,

Abstract: A volume flexible inventory model is developed. This model is developed for deteriorating item by assuming that the deterioration rate is depend on a parameter and time. The production rate is variable, production cost become a function of production rate, unit cost depending upon material cost, labour cost and tool cost. The demand rate is increasing exponentially shortages are allowed. Cost minimization technique used to find out optimal values for different inventory variables.

Key words: volume flexibility, deterioration

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[3]. Baker, R. C. and Urban, T. L., (1988) A deterministic inventory system with an inventory-level-dependent demand rate, Opl.Res. Soc.39, 823-831.

[4]. Balkhi, Z. T. and Benkherouf, L. (1996 b)On the optimal replenishment schedule for an inventoy system with deteriorating items and time varying demand and production rates.Computers & Industrial Engineering, 30 ; 823-829.

[5]. Bhunia,A.K.and Maiti,M. (1997) Deterministic inventory models for variable production. Jour of Opi. Res. Soc., 48 : 221-224.

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Abstract: EEG (Electroencephalograph) is a technique for identifying neurological disorders. EEG signal is very weak and has very strong background noise; the average EEG signal is only about 50V , the biggest 100V. The presence of physiological artifacts such as eye blinks, eyeball movement, muscular movement and cardiac pulses in EEG recordings obscure the underlying processes and makes analysis problematic. EEG is used for diagnosis of Epilepsy. It takes doctors a lot of time for diagnosis. So we have developed a tool for detection of Epilepsy. In this paper we propose a technique of detecting epilepsy disorder using Wavelet transform and Wavelet packet transform through MATLAB. Then we compare with Wavelet transformation and Wavelet packet transformation. This paper also provides a technique of detecting epileptic disorder with great accuracy.

Keywords: EEG Signal, Epileptic Disorder, Wavelet, Wavelet Packet.

[1] Aboufadel, Edward, et al. Discovering Wavelets, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

[2] A. Akansu and Y. Liu. On signal decomposition techniques. Opt. Eng., 30:912-920, 1991.

[3] Mintaze Kerem Günel. Management of Epilepsy Research, Results and Treatment, Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, 2011.

[4] A.H.Siddiqi, H.K odal Sevindir, Z.Aslan. Spectral Analysis of EEG Signal by using Wavelet and Harmonic Transforms, Birkhauser, 1999.

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[6] A.R Calderbank, 1. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, and B.-L. Yeo.). Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers. Appl. Contp.Hurin. Anal., 1998.

[7] Saeid Sanei and J.A. Chambers. EEG Signal Processing, Centre of Digital Signal Processing Cardiff University, UK, 2008.

[8] Charles K. Chui. An introduction to wavelets, Academic Press, 1999.

[9] O. Christensen and K.L. Christensen. Approximation Theory, From Taylor polynomials to wavelets, Birkhäuser, Boston, 2004.

[10] E.W. Cheney. Introduction to Approximation Theory, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1966.

Abstract: This paper consist inverse thermoelastic problem of heat conduction with the application of partially distributed heat supply and internal heat generation. In this paper unknown temperature, displacement stress functions are determined by using finite Marchi-Zgrablich transform and Fourier cosine transform. The results are obtained in the form of Bessel's function and infinite series. Keywords: Inverse thermoelastic problem, Stress function, Thermoelastic displacement

[1] Khobragade N.W. and Lamba N.K.: "Thermal Stresses of a Thin Annular Disc Due to Partially Distributed Heat Supply", Int. J Latest Trend Math Vol-1 No. 1 October 2011

[2] Marchi E and Zgrablich G: Heat conduction in Hollow cylinder with radiation Proc. Edingburgh Math. Soc. V1.14 Part 2(1964), pp159-164.

[3] N.M.Ozisik: Boundary value problem of heat conduction, International text book co. Scranton, Pennsylvania, (1968) pp. 481-492.

[4] Nowacki, W.: "The state of stress in a thick circular plate due to a temperature field", Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. ser., Tech., Vol. IV, No.5, 1957.

[5] Roychoudhary S. K.: "A note on the quasi-static thermal stresses in a thin circular plate due to transient temperature applied along the circumferences of a circle over the upper face", Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. ser., Tech. No. 1, pp.20-21, 1972.
[6] Wankhede P.C: "On the Quasi-static thermal stresses in a circular plate," Indian J.pur and Appl. Math. 13(11), pp. 1273-1277, 1982.