IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-6 ~ Issue-3 ~ Sep–Oct 2013

Abstract: Ancient historic wells or boudies, built by Adil Shahi kings in Bijapur are the huge sources of water in the drought place of northern Karnataka (India). They stand neglected and polluted. Masabi Boudi and Narasimha Temple well are two wells selected for the study. We have studied the water quality in terms of physico-chemical, biochemical, phytoplanktonic and bacteriological properties depthwise. Masabi Boudi exhibited a rare phenomenon of vertical inverse thermal stratification whereas in Narasimha Temple well winter thermal stratification broke in summer and monsoon. Phytoplankton occurrence was rare in Masabi Boudi. Desmids showed their pollution tolerance throughout the study in Masabi Boudi. Glucose, protein, creatinine, urea and uric acid in the water reads the utrophication, which resulted the growth of E-coli. Algal maximum was followed soon after the E-coli were in excess in both the wells. Chlorides, nitrates and nitrogenous content stated the rich nutritional status. The self purification of water takes place naturally as a quality control. There is a natural symmetry in the biological science between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton and high enrichment with organic matter provided a measure of stabilization to this eco-system. In all, Masabi Boudi shows better water quality than Narasimha Temple well.

Key words - Bacterioplankton, Boudi, Inverse thermal stratification, Nutritional status, Phytoplankton.

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Abstract: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is noxious, phototoxic and causes eutrophication. NO2 is one of the major precursors of ground level ozone pollution. Emission rates and emission concentrations of various pollutants from stationary sources of power plant emissions are calculated using Emission Inventory methodologies. Ground level concentrations of Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution are predicted by Gaussian dispersion model. About 40% of the Nitrogen oxide pollution is produced from point source of Electric power plant boilers. In this paper it is proposed to estimate ground level concentrations of Nitrogen dioxide at various receptor points of a Thermal Power Project. The estimations are made from modeled Nitrogen oxides of Rayalaseema Thermal Power Project, (Coordinates: 14°42'52"N 78°27'29"E) Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Key words: Power Plant Emissions; Stationary Sources; Nitrogen oxides; Estimation; Ground Level Concentrations; Phototoxic; Precursors; ozone pollution.

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Abstract: Water is life and sanitation is the way of life .Both are critical for leading a quality life. A colossal 80% of the diseases stem from consumption of unsafe water and of poor sanitation conditions .The most notable cause for the nitrate contamination of ground water is the release of waste waters at or near the ground water. In the field of agriculture the retention of nitrogen in the surface soils is of vital concern is the application of plant fertilizers. Nitrate enters the ground water system and reduce in concentration down slope from the source due to the dilution offered by the ground water flow

Key words: 1) Nitrate contamination of ground waters 2) Impacts of nitrate pollution 3)Analysis of chlorides and nitrates 4)Results and discussions

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Abstract: A comparative metal analysis was carried to determine the deposition and composition of metals in the soft tissues of freshwater bivalves; Anodonta anatina, A. marginata and A. implicata, and to establish their role as the possible routes to which metallic elements may get into the food chain. Collections of molluscs were made from four different sites along the bank and substratum of the lake, every two months from July 2011 to June 2012. Prepared soft tissues of the bivalves were digested by wet chemical method and subjected to multi-element analysis using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Nineteen metallic elements were analysed in the soft tissues of the bivalves, with some of the metals occurring below detectable limits. There was significantly variation (P < 0.02) in the concentrations of the 19 metals in the three species. Although A. implicata had the highest total concentrations of the metals, the difference did not differ statistically (P > 0.05) from the other two species. Chemically, the transition metals were higher in number of elements and concentrations with the metalloids having the least concentrations. Six of the metals from the bivalves (Mn, As, Cr, Fe, Co and Zn) are heavy metals. The concentrations of Mn, K, As, Fe, and Ba varied in the bivalves. High concentrations of Mn, K and Zn have been observed in this study. Highly significant positive and negative interactions were observed among the heavy metals. The significant variation in the concentrations of the metals shows that the different metals accumulate differently in the soft tissues of the bivalves. The high tolerance of metal load shown by these molluscs could be indicative of an adaptation to metal pollution. Such high concentrations of the heavy metals could be physiologically detrimental and impair their ecological roles in the Lake ecosystem. This study has shown that the bivalves showed similarity in the type of metals they accumulate and therefore could be used as reliable bio-indicators of metal pollution in the Lake and could serve as routes by which these metals could get to higher trophic levels of the food chain.

Keywords: Bivalves, Kubanni Lake, Metals, Soft tissues, Zaria.

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