IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-6 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep–Oct 2013

Abstract: A continuous fixed and fluidized bed study was carried out by using strong-base anion- exchange resin for removal of nitrate from water. The effect of operating parameters, such as flow rate, initial concentration and bed high was studied. Data confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate, initial concentration and bed high. Breakthrough experiments were carried out to compare breakthrough curves between packed and fluidized beds. Thomas model was applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the packed and fluidized bed columns.

Key words: nitrate removal; fixed bed; fluidized bed; ion exchange

[1] Taekyung Yoon, ZangHoshon, Gangchoon Lee, Byunghyun Moon, Byeongil Noh And Nakchang Sung, Korean J. Chem.Eng.,18(2),2001,170-177
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Abstract: Nigeria is likely to be one of the most negatively impacted countries in the world as a result of climate change. Nigeria is plagued with many ecological problems of varying magnitude. Whilst the people living in the southern part of the country are being ravaged by flood and gully erosion, their counterparts in the north are contending with the menace of desertification, deforestation and drought, among others. These environmental challenges have direct and indirect effects on the social and economic activities of the societies. The paper review the potential impact of the challenges of climate change on the Nigerian economy by identifying the impact according to sectors and the potential impacts on the future GDP of Nigeria. Secondary data were used and content analysis was adopted.

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Abstract: Soil fertility evaluation of an area or region is an important aspect in context of sustainable agricultural production. The macro and micro nutrients govern the fertility of the soil and control the yields of crops. Microbial population indicates the soil health with positive correlation with available nutrients. Khammam region was selected for the present study.Ten represented villages were chosen and two soil samples for two variants (Bt and NBt) were collected from each village. All the 20 available samples were analysed for N,P,K,S,B,Zn and microbial count. Results revealed that soil samples were found slightly alkaline, medium Organic carbon, phosphorus, sulphur, Boron and Zinc but low in Nitrogen. The two variants are differing in Nutrient index values and microbial count.

Key Words: Macronutrients, Microbial count, Nutrient index, Bt cotton, Soil health.

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Abstract: The world's population is increasing while levels of capture fisheries remain roughly stable with limited potential of increase. The only choice to meet the world's increasing demand of fish is by farming them. Aquaculture is a developing industry and a large proportion of the industry is using aquaculture technology. A consequence of high-density aquaculture is the increased probability to exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogenous wastes; the principal end product of amino acids metabolism that tends to accumulate and negatively affect the fish. Yet, the effects of ammonia on economically important rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus) are not well documented. The present study aims to investigated the hypothesis that chronic exposure of fish to increased aqueous ammonia would affect certain parameters including, the structural liver integrity. Fish were treated with total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N) using 0- 12 mg/L. Results obtained indicated that fish reared in TAN- 0 mg/ L had 100% survival and 50% weight increase in 50 days. All fish at TAN- 2 and 4 mg/ L (low dose) died, whilst fish in 6 - 12 mg/ L TA-N survived and grew albeit less than in treatment 0 mg/ L. After 20 days of the chronic exposure, fish was randomly taken from each tank in treatments 0, 2 and 10 mg/ L TA-N and their liver were fixed and stained by routine methods and examined using light and electron microscopy. Results indicated that high dose ammonia (TAN -10) is deleterious to marbled rabbitfish since histologically liver exhibited a disrupted architecture, necrosis, blood congestion and sever ultrastructural alterations in comparison to low dose exposed to TA-N -2 and those exposed to TA-N -0. Lipid droplets and glycogen content were highly accumulated in hepatocytes as a result of exposure to TA-N, this could be due to induced imbalance between fat production and utilization and disturbance in lipid metabolism. Results obtained suggests chronic structural and functional damage, as a result of exposure to ammonia. It is recommended that ammonia levels be measured regularly during production of rabbitfish and be maintained below the threshold concentration used in this study to maximize production.

Keywords: Aqueous ammonia, Histology, Liver, Siganus rivulatus, Ultrastructure

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] I.P. Saoud, C.Mohanna, and J.Ghanawi, Effects of temperature on survival and growth of juvenile spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus). Aquaculture Research 39, 2008, 491–497.

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