IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-5 ~ Issue-2 ~ July–August 2013

Abstract: Changes in the Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) and Calcium (Ca+) ions of the fish, Clarias gariepinus, (Burchell; 1822) subjected to sub lethal concentrations (0.01 and 0.02 ml) of Kartodim 315 EC (Dimethoate and Lambda- Cyhalothrin), a pesticide, over a period of 96 hours were studied in a semi- static (renewal) system. The result indicated that the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the liver exhibited a sight fluctuation in their values, with Na+ and K+ increasing while Ca2+ decreased (P>0.05) with increased concentrations of Kartodim 315 EC. For the kidney electrolytes, their was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in value with increased concentrations of Kartodim 315 EC, with the exception of sodium (Na+) (P>0.05). The overall pictures of changes in the composition of ion concentration does not exclude the possibility of kidney damage in the experimental fish. The ions (electrolytes) provide some information on the osmotic pressure and osmoregulatory changes in the fish. The kidney and Liver electrolytes are all involved in general ion regulation and in cell membrane processes.

Keywords: Dimethoate and Lambda- cyhalothrin, Clarias gariepinus, Electrolytes, Kidney, Liver.

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Abstract: Coastal waters of South Minahasa Regency is potential for fish farming of floating fish cage system, but the potency has not been optimally taken yet.Low interest of the people in running this fish farming system results from slow fish growth and mortality.In general, the failure of this culture system is a consequence of location setting that does not consider the water quality condition as a site suitability requirement.Until now, there is no study on site suitability of fish farming in floating nets in South Minahasa Regency, particularly Amurang District, affecting the fish farming success.This study was aimed at determining the site suitability for trevally (caranx spp.) farming using the floating fish cage system in the coastal waters of Amurang District, South Minahasa Regency. It was carried out in Amurang Bay using a survey method. The primary data was obtained by direct field measurement at the observation points using a Global Positioning System (GPS). The determination of sampling points was expected to be able to describe the condition of Amurang waters. The secondary datacovered the 1:50.000-scaled earth map of South Minahasa with Arc-Info format released from Badan Koordinasi Survei and Pemetaan Nasional (Bakorsutanal-National Coordination Body for Survey and Mapping) and Landsat 7-ETM image. Water samples were analyzed in the Water Laboratory Nusantara. Data Analyisesused Geographic Information System..In general, sites for floating cage fish farming in Amurang District were categorized as suitable, conditional suitable, unsuitable.The area available and potential for this culture system was 150 Haandsuitable for trevally (caranx spp.) culture was38 Ha. This suitability data was expected to become critical information and reference for the regional government, investors, fishermen and fish farmers in developing the fish culture in the floating fish cage.

Keywords: site feasibility, suitability, water quality.

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Abstract: Nowadays amount of solid wastes are increasing very fast. Accumulation of urban solid wastes is not balanced in perspective of good environmental management. Therefore, the study of urban solid wastes management system and the participation of urban communities in solid wastes management is needed. This study aimed to analyze level of importance and performance of the existing solid wastes management system, urban communities' participation, and relationship between urban community perception and their participation in existing system of solid waste management in Tomohon City. Scientific methodes in data analysis are the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), The Chougill's ladder for participation level, and the Product-Moment correlation.Results of research suggested that existing waste management aspects that are on the first quadrant (as the main priority), consist of (a) lack of cleanliness of the solid wastes collection sites, (b) the limited numbers of the solid wastes collection sites, (c) time schedule for solid wates collection which is done on 2-3 days interval, (d) the fewer numbers of solid waste supervisor, and (e) the response to public complaints should be intensified in improving any public services in relation to solid wastes management. Results of community participation analysis based on Chougill 's ladder shows that community role in solid wastes management is in the phase of conspiracy (1.68), the community action is in the phase of peace (3.12), community motivation is in the phase of information (2.0), and community responsibility is in the phase of information (1.86). The relation between community perception (X) and community participation (Y) is statistically significant (r = 0.983). It is concluded that "community participation" in solid wastes management is significantly determined by their "perception".

Keywords: Importance Performance Analysis, Perception, Participation, Solid Wastes Management.

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Abstract: Genetic variation and divergence within and between the taxa of interest are assessed by the presence or absence of each product, which is dictated by changes in the DNA sequence at each locus. The study was conducted to assess the genetic differences between population of 'wesafu' and other cichlids in Epe legoon, Lagos, Nigeria and determine the level of divergence of 'wesafu' from other species of cichlids in Epe lagoon for baseline documentation. The genomic DNA was isolated using the standard phenol - chloroform method. Primer OPC-04 (5' CCG CAT CTA C 3'), which are arbitrary primers, were used to type the isolates. The results showed that of the 40 fish isolates typed, 29 isolates (17 of 'Wesafu' and 12 of other cichlids) were positive for RAPD DNA bands after amplification. This gives a type ability of 72.5%. The difference observed between 'Wesafu' and other cichlids in typeability with OPC-04 was not significant (P = 0.08). Fingerprint analyses revealed 6 distinct RAPD types, 3 for 'wesafu' and 3 for other species of cichlids with molecular sizes of 100 – 500 base pairs. RAPD profile B was elicited by 58.3% of the Tilapia (other cichlids) isolates, while profile F was elicited by 53% of the 'Wesafu' isolates. These most occurring RAPD profiles were not significant (P > 0.05) when compared with other RAPD profiles seen. RAPD-PCR proves to be reliable as a typing tool for discriminating 'Wesafu' from other cichlids (tilapia) isolates in Epe Lagoon. 'Wesafu' and other (cichlids) tilapia in the Epe Lagoon present fish population from 3 distinct clones.

Key words: Molecular, Characterization, 'wesafu', RAPD

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