IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: House sparrows (Passer domesticus) have declined world over, with their presence rarely seen in cities. Urbanization has lead to significant changes in the population biology of the species affecting their structure and community composition. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of House sparrow in various landscapes and the role of habitat attributes along a gradient of urbanization to uncover their possible sites of nesting and habitat preferences. With the study, we report that urban centres have lost favourable nesting habitats for House sparrows and they have locally migrated to the suburban and rural parts of the city. House sparrow abundance was higher in the suburban landscapes, compared to the rural and urban landscapes. House sparrow in the urban occupied a broader niche breath, than the populations in the sub urban and rural matrix. In the urban, the most preferred habitats of the House sparrow were residential areas with tiled and thatched roofs, in the sub urban, rice mills were most preferred and in the rural landscapes residential areas with tiled and thatched roofs and rice mills were equally preferred by the species. Our results revealed that along the gradient shrub cover, built up cover, socio economic status and economic prosperity were positively related to the abundance of House sparrow populations. We summarize the possible decline of Passer domesticus due to lack of insectivorous and granivorous food in the urban, lack of nesting sites and non availability of straw. We suggest to the urban planners and city managers to built urban structures that are eco-friendly to sparrows which can host viable nesting sites for the species.

Key words: competition, extinction, landscape, homogenization, abundance

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Abstract: Biodiversity of flora and fauna which are owned by in Central Kalimantan province as well as high and unique (Haryanto, 2009). Potential it provides opportunities for the development of nature tourism (ecotourism) has appeal for tourists to visit and stay longer in tourist area. The purpose of the study is to analyze and quantify the determinants factors of length of stay of tourists in the tourist area of Tanjung Puting National Park. Methods in this study is survey and observation, using a questionnaire to obtain information related to both variables exogeneous or endogenous. Research location is in Tanjung Puting National Park in West Kotawaringin administrative regions, Central Kalimantan Province and conducted in April-June 2012. The Population in this study were all tourists, both foreign tourists and domestic tourists who visited attractions Tanjung Puting National Park. Types and sources of data used in this study is primary and secondary data. The samples carried through non probability sampling techniques, namely Convenience sampling or sampling based on ease (Sugiono, 2002), and the sample size was 150 respondents. Analysis tool that uses statistical analysis of test models Path Analysis using the software Amos (Analysis of Moment Structure) version 18 and SPSS version 10. The results showed (1) the tourist product and the uniqueness of the environment positive and significant impact on tourist visits, (2) the tourist product and the uniqueness of the environment positive and significant impact on Length of Stay, (3) Determinants factors of length of stay tourists are tourist products and the uniqueness of the environment.

Keywords: Tourist products, environmental uniqueness, tourist visit and Length of Stay

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Abstract: The physicochemical changes in pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds during normal storage ripening stages (mature unripe, ripe and overripe) were investigated in terms of the proximate, mineral and antinutritional composition using standard analytical techniques. From the analysis, the % proximate composition of mature unripe, ripe and overripe pawpaw seeds showed that it has moisture content (5.00±0.01, 10.00±0.02, 10.00±0.02), ash content (8.00±0.03, 9.00±0.02, 9.00±0.05), crude fibre (32.00±0.01, 35.00±0.01, 35.00±0.00), fat (26.00±0.03, 27.00±0.05, 26.00±0.01), crude protein (5.90±0.04, 6.00±0.03 and 6.5±0.05) and carbohydrate (23.10±0.05, 13.00±0.01 and13.50±0.00). The elements determined in ppm include manganese (36.81±0.01, 35.10±0.01 and 39.28±0.05), iron (50.11±0.01, 49.66±0.04 and 53.48±0.07) and zinc (18.17±0.05, 15.99±0.01 and 21.08±0.02) in mature unripe, ripe and overripe pawpaw seeds respectively. The antinutrients in mg/100g are phytate (7.89±0.02, 9.25±0.10 and 6.54±0.30), saponin (1.04±0.20, 1.22±0.10 and 1.07±0.40), oxalate (0.32±0.00, 0.25±0.01 and 0.41±0.10), tannin (0.15±0.02, 0.10±0.01 and 0.16±0.20) and trypsin inhibitor (0.20±0.10, 0.09±0.10 and 0.14±0.20) in the samples. The results showed that the seeds at various stages of ripening are cheap source of minerals and fat to man and animal and could be utilized commercially.

Keywords: Physicochemical, changes, storage, ripening, mineral, fat, antinutrient.

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Abstract: The physicochemical properties of juice from pineapple and watermelon and their ready to drink (RTD) blends were carried out. The % watermelon juice and pineapple juice of each formulation (v/v) were BL1 (70:30), BL2 (60:40), BL3 (50:50), BL4 (30:70) and BL5 (40:60). The standards were done without blending the two juices SPJ (100% standard pineapple juice) and SWJ (100% standard watermelon juice). The results of the analysis of Vitamin C content (mg/g) gave 125.26 in SWJ, 38.90 in SPJ, 111.58 in BL1, 98.94 BL2, 86.31 BL3, 72.63 BL4 and 84.21 BL5 respectively. The vitamin C content of the RTD blends increase with high proportion of SWJ. The results revealed that all the blends especially 70:30 (watermelon: pineapple) gave an improved composition in terms of the physicochemical properties determined.

Keywords: Physicochemical, blends, ready to drink, pineapple, watermelon, juice, vitamin C

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