IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-4 ~ Issue-3 ~ May–June 2013

Abstract: The osmotic dehydration technique not only enables the storage of the fruits for a longer period, but also preserves flavour, nutritional characteristics and prevents microbial spoilage. Osmotic Dehydration is done by immersing Vegetable & Fruits, whether in pieces or whole, in salt or sugar aqueous solution of high osmotic pressure. The amla (Phyllanthus emblica) is an effective source of Vitamin C. The ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) content in the amla fruit is one of the highest contents of all plants. The amla plant has been used in Indian medicine for years. In Ayurvedic medicine, the amla plant is used to treat minor hemorrhage and to help foster cardiovascular health. The study conducted for Amla slices during osmotic dehydration followed by tray drying and the influence of process variables on the quality characteristics. The samples were osmodehydrated at in combination of sugar (25- 60°Brix) and salt (5%, 7.5% and 10%) solution at temperature of 30°C in 4:1 and 8:1 ratio. The treated sample slices were spread on stainless steel trays of the tray dryer and they were dried in tray dryer at temperature 500 C. The samples were weighed at an interval of 30 minutes. The sample took around 2 to 3 hours depending on the drying temperature to reach equilibrium moisture content. It was observed that the weight reduction, solid gain and weight loss increased with increase of the parameters like time, concentration of the sugar solution and ratio of the solution to sample. The quality parameters such as reducing sugars and ash content were determined.

Keywords: Osmotic Dehydration, Amla, Tray Dryer, Weight Reduction, Solid Gain and Weight loss.

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Abstract: This study was carried out to compare the effect of total replacement of wheat with defatted Greenwayodendron suaveolens seeds (DGSS) which was used as an additive in compounding the feed for albino rats. The phytochemical characters of DGSS are alkaloids, phenols and reducing sugars. Mineral composition of DGSS showed that it is rich in potassium (75100 ± 0.37mg/kg), magnesium (41900 ± 0.08mg/kg) and calcium (11700 ± 0.04mg/kg). The proximate composition of DGSS indicated a high level of carbohydrate (55.84%) and crude fibre (12.86%). Proximate compositions of the compounded feed for group A, the control group (CFA) and compounded feed for group B, the experimental group (CFB) pointed out that there were significant differences in crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre contents of the compounded feeds. CFA and CFB were used to feed the rats for an experimental period of eight weeks. Weekly record of the body weight of the rats showed a gradual increase in body weight. Tissue pathology of the rat organs (liver, kidney, heart and spleen) compared closely in the two groups. Haematology and blood biochemistry analyses gave no significant differences in all the parameters for the two groups.

Key words: Greenwayodendron suaveolens seeds, rat feed, toxicological assessment, haematological analysis

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Abstract: A total of 116 drinking water samples were collected aseptically in sterilized container from different sources. over a period of nine month September to May 2012.Most probable number (MPN) test was done to detect the coliforms in drinking water samples. The MPN number was very high (≥ 180) of positive water samples. Analysis was performed using culture and biochemical methods. The organism was identified as Escherichia coli (28%), Klebsiella sp. (15%) and Pseudomonas sp. (25%) in total positive samples. To conclude, bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking should be planned and conducted on regular basis.

Key Words: Drinking water sample, MPN count, Coliforms

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Abstract: Hard and soft dates sold in nylon were purchased from owode market in Offa, Kwara state, Nigeria. The bacteria load ranged from 4 x 105 – 19 x 105 and 10 x 105 – 20 x 105 respectively. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species. The coliform count were between 3-9 in hard date fruits and 11-23 in soft date fruit respectively. Mould count were 1.0 x 102 – 2.8 x 102 and 4.8 x 103- 7.2 x 103 while yeast count were 1.6 x 102 – 8.2 x 103 and 5 x 104- 16 x 104 respectively. All these values were above the Saudi specification. Therefore these samples cannot be recommended for human consumption. A means of preserving dates fruit from microbial contamination and spoilage should be discovered, also storing in hygienic conditions is important before selling to the populace for consumption to prevent the spread of infection and diseases.

Keywords: Date palm(phoenix dactilyfera L.), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, mould yeast, contamination, pathogenic

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