IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2014

Abstract: A hazard is a potential condition which either exists or not. It may have an independent existence or exist in combination with other hazards, sometimes called events, and the conditions can lead to an actual functional failure or accident. The way this exactly happens in one particular sequence is called a scenario. Often a system has many potential failure scenarios. A hazard analysis is used as the first step in a process used to assess risk. The result of a hazard analysis is the identification of different type of hazards. It also is assigned a classification, based on the worst case severity of the end condition. Through this project, all the activities happening in the MAHAPE Base of Schlumberger were visualized, thereby making the employees aware of the hazards associated with each activity and proper control measure that can be used in-order to cope up with those hazards.Hazard Analysis and Risk Control listings were made for the whole base which covered around 28 activities such as Electrical works, all Drilling &Measurement activities, etc. and also a draft Resource Management Plan was made. Out of 28 activities, the most severe ones were working at height, hot works like welding and mobile mechanical lifting. If the control measures proposed in the company are not implemented, the risk level is going to be catastrophic. So proper control measures are to be implemented. [The hazards identified in the base were very risky and proper control measures were implemented to reduce the risk to acceptable level.]

Keywords: Mishap, Drilling & Measurement, Resource Management Plan, risk level

[1]. Dynamic capabilities in the upstream oil and gas sector: Managing next generation competition- Amy Shuen, Paul F. Feiler, David J. Teece- May-2014
[2]. Safe use of work equipment. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998. Approved Code of Practice and guidance L22 (Second edition) HSE Books 1998 ISBN 0 7176 1626 6
[3]. Electricity at work: Safe working practices HSG85 (Second edition) HSE Books 2003 ISBN 0 7176 2164 2
[4]. Schlumberger internal reference document – Environmental management Standard - SLB-QHSE-S008
[5]. A conceptual framework and practical guide for assessing fitness-to-operate in the offshore oil and gas industry - Mark A. Griffina, Melinda R. Hodkiewicza, Jeremy Dunsterb, LisetteKansea,Katharine R. Parkesa,c, DannielleFinnertya, John L. Corderya, Kerrie L. Unsworth- December 2013

Abstract: The law establishing Micro Finance (Community Banks) in Nigeria was signed in 1990, the aim of the Federal Government was to use it as a tool to accelerate cash flow and development within the rural economy. This study focuses on assessment of the performance of community banks on the transformation of the rural economy from where they are located. 10 of the 13 functioning community banks in Nasarawa State, Nigeria were randomly selected with at least three each from the three Senatorial districts to enable us view their functional involvement in rural development issues.500 questionnaires were also administered to the customers of these banks, representing a 10% of the total customers within the rural environment. Results from the study indicated that community banks fared well in the area of special loan schemes, rural customer size, direct rural investments, and rural income generation programmes. Variation also existed in the area of composite scores using Z score analysis and appropriate recommendations are suggested accordingly.

Keywords: Development, cash flow, rural economy, investment, income.

[1]. Adedayo, A.F. (1983) "Spatial dimensions of Rural Development Projects in Kwara State", Prceedings of the 26thAnnual Conference of NGA, Ilorin.
[2]. Akwa, V.L. (2007) Marketing and Periodicity of Markets. In Akwa, V.L; Binbol, N.L; Samaila, K.I and Marcus, N.D (eds), Geographical Perspectives on Nasarawa state. A publication of the Department of Geography Nasarawa State University, Keffi. pp 100-106
[3]. Akwa, L. (2010) "Planning Integrated Rural Development in Nigerian Experience", unpublished Seminar Paper, College of Education, Akwanga. Nasarawa state.
[4]. Azi, N. (2009) "Spatial Impacts of Community Banks on Rural Development in Plateau State", Unpublished M.Sc Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Jos, Nigeria.
[5]. Direvedi, D.N. (1980) "Managerial Economics", Vikas Publishers, New Delhi.

Abstract: Lake Manzalah is the most important lake in Egypt as it provides about 30% of domestic fish supply, but is affected by drainage water. Lake Bardawil is the least polluted wetland in Egypt as is considered protected area. So, it is selected as a control lake in the study. Water and fish samples were taken at same time (winter, 2012), from the two lakes. Lake Manzalah water have higher concentration levels (ppm) of studied heavy metals: Chromium, Lead and Cadmium and their levels exceeded the recorded safety limits in the two Egyptians environmental laws; No. 48/1982 and No. 4/1994. Histologicaly, Lake Manzalah fish testes showed a delaying in process of spermatogenesis, disruption of spermatogenic cells and reduction in spermatids. Lake Manzalah fish ovaries affected by heavy metal pollutions as atresia, deformed zona radiata, necrotic oocytes and broken tunica albuginea were presented. Histochemically, testicular and ovarian tissues of Lake Manzalah fish samples showed decrease in total polysaccharide, protein and decreasing in DNA and RNA contents due to severe affection of toxicant heavy metals. The collagen fibers increased in Lake Manzalah testicular samples as intersetial cells collapsed sperm nests. The collagen fiber in ovarian tunica albuginea composition was weak and broken. The present study showed accumulation of toxic heavy metals in Lake Manzalah water which implied their toxic effects on fish gonads and impair their reproduction. We recommended for improving water quality control and periodically environmental monitoring in El-Manzalah lake.

Key words: Heavy metals, pollution, Histology, Histochemical studies, sea bass. Abbreviations: Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd).

[1]. Abd El-Hakim, F.; Azab, M.; Emam, M. and Sherif, Y. (1999). Fishery assessment of Lake Manzalah. Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., 3: 539-564.
[2]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2004). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicol., 123-130.
[3]. Ahmed, A. and Hussin, M. (2004). Residual levels of some heavy metals in fish flesh and water from El-Manzalah lake, Egypt. J. King Saud Univ. Agric. Sci., 16: 187-196.
[4]. Alne, A. (1998). Studies on the oogenesis of the Nile Mormyrid fish, Pollimyrus isidori. J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool., 30: 23-38.
[5]. Al-Weher, M. (2008). Levels of Heavy Metal Cd, Cu and Zn in Three Fish Species Collected from the Northern Jordan Valley, Jordan. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,1:41-46.

Abstract: Water logging significantly affects existing biodiversity in South-western region, which has important implication for lives and livelihoods of the people. Collecting primary data through FGD, key informant interview and questionnaire survey from three water logged villages of two Unions of Dumuria and Keshabpur Upazila of South-western region, the study reaches to the conclusion that duration of water logging and peoples' response to that situation are two important factors that determine the effects of water logging in the study area. Impacts of water logging on biodiversity in the study area are visible in reduced number of birds, livestock, fisheries, as well as restrained growth of plants and vegetations. The study also finds that water logging affects peoples' well being by narrowing down the livelihood options of the people. Water logging squeezes the scope for maintaining household economy by reducing the number of livestock, fisheries, and restraining the growth of vegetation, fruit trees and timber trees.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Household economy, Livelihood options, Water logging, Well being.

[1]. IFI WATCH, The Development Disaster, Water logging in the Southwest region of Bangladesh, International Financial Institutions and Trade Organizations, 3(2), 2006.
[2]. Aftabuzzaman, Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts of Coastal Embankment, Paper Presented at the Seminar on Environmental and Policy Aspects of Shrimp Cultivation, Dhaka, 1990, August 28-29.
[3]. Shampa, M. I. M. Pramanik, Tidal River Management (TRM) for Selected Coastal Area of Bangladesh to Mitigate Drainage Congestion, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 1(5), 2012, 1-6.
[4]. E. E. Houk, M. Frasier, E. Schuck, The Regional Effects of Water logging and Soil Salinization on a Rural County in the Arkansas River Basin of Colorado, Paper Presented at the Western Economic Association Annual Meeting, Honolulu, HI, 2004, June 30-July 2.
[5]. E. G. Barrett-Lennard, The interaction between water logging and salinity in higher plants: causes, consequences and implications, Plant and Soil, 253, 2003, 35-54.