iosr-JEEE   Volume-7 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: This paper deals with the preliminary design of an SVC, which is the most important part of the design process, because any specific error in the preliminary design and specifications in requirements documents may end up with great amount of money, labour and time loss. The following subjects have to be investigated thoroughly in order to finalize the preliminary design of an SVC. In this paper the following parameters like Single thyristor operation, Series thyristor operation, Single Piece / Two Pieces Reactor Arrangements are considered for the design procedure and the fault cases simulated in PSCAD concerning three phase connections.

[1] T.J.E. Miller, "Reactive Power Control In Electric Systems,", John Wiley&Sons, 1982.

[2] J.Arrilaga, N.R. Watson, "Power System Harmonics", Wiley, 1982

[3] "IEEE Guide for the Functional Specification of Transmission Static Var Compensators" IEEE Std 1031-1991)

[4] "IEEE Guide for the Functional Specification of Transmission Static Var Compensators" IEEE Std 1031-2000 (Revision ofIEEE Std 1031-1991)

[5] M.V. Utalay, "Design and Implementation of a Medium Voltage Thyristor Controlled Reactor", MSc. Thesis, METU, Jan.1996

[6] Semikron Power Electronics Catalogue,Semikron Inc. Germany, 10/1998.

[7] Lawatsch, H.M.; Vitins, J.; "Protection of thyristors against overvoltage with breakover diyotes", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Volume 24, Issue 3, May-June 1988 pp. 444 – 448

[8] TS 831, "Standard Voltages in THE Distribution Systems" , 1979

[9] "Effects of Temperature on Thyristor Performance" Application Note AN4870, Dynex Semiconductors, January 2000.

[10] ANSI/IEEE Std. C37.109, "IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Reactors" 1988

Abstract: In the past few years there is a global transformation on technology and researches which aims to energy savings through the usage of renewable sources in many applications. With the need for usage of renewable energy increasing day by day, more efficient and innovative systems are to be created. The system created has to be a combination of the non-conventional resources, as implementing only one may not suffice the energy requirement. It has to be understood that every bit helps in saving energy, and so, domestic needs being the largest can be supplemented by smaller individual units of renewable sources. This has to be highly efficient and requiring less maintenance. A thought given to the above requirements of the new age has brought a new perspective to energy saving. The result has been created by combining a solar-aero-hydro system which is designed for efficient domestic usage.

Keywords: domestic, renewable energy, water tank, wind power

[1] "Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update" (PDF).

[2] "Wind Power Increase in 2008 Exceeds 10-year Average Growth Rate". Worldwatch.org. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
[3] "World Wind Energy Report 2010" (PDF).Report. World Wind Energy Association. February 2011. Retrieved 30-April-2011.

[4] Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty, "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.
[5] Gijs A.M. van Kuik, "The Lanchester–Betz–Joukowsky Limit ", Wind Energy. 2007; 10:289–291.

[6] Constantinos A.Bouroussis"Outdoor lighting using renewable energy sources," National Technical University of Athens School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photometry Laboratory

Abstract: An overview of the available solar cells was discussed in this work. These include how solar cells work starting from the electronic properties of semiconductor, the overall structure of the cell and explanation on how it produces electricity. Discussion on the price fall of a solar cell material (silicon), the price fall of the cell and the price fall of the module. Various applications were mentioned together with power losses which occur during operation(recombination loss, losses dependent on the structure of the device, and loss as a result of the inability of the semiconductor to absorb the below band gap light . Measures on how to reduce the power losses was discussed. Also the most important effect that must be allowed for operation under standard conditions was discussed.

Keywords: solar cells, semiconductor, electrons and holes, energy band, irradiance

[1] Tomas Markvant "solar electricity" Unesco energy engineering series Energy Engineering learning package
[2] Green, M.A., "solar cells", prentice Hall, Englewood cliffs, NJ 1982.
[3] Hersh, P. and Zweibel, K., "Basic photovoltaic principles and methods", U.S. Government printing office, Washington ,DC, Seri/Sp -290-1448,1982.
[4] Pulfrey, D.L "photovoltaic power generation", Van Nostrand Rhieinhold, New York 1978.
[5] Van Overstraeten, R. and mertens, R., and Mertens, R.R physics, "Technology and use of photovoltaic" Adam Hilger,Bristol,1986.
[6] Theraja B.L. and Theraja A.K. "Electrical technology"S. chand