iosr-JEEE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: A Static Compensator (STATCOM) is a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller, which can either absorb or deliver reactive power to a power system. Distribution STATic COMpensator (D-STATCOM) is proposed for compensation of reactive power and unbalance caused by various loads in distribution system. Distribution static compensator is based on the VSC principle. A D-STATCOM injects a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and power factor. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is an effective measure to maintain voltage stability and improve power quality of distribution grid. This paper deals with the modeling and control scheme of D-STATCOM. A stability analysis of D-STATCOM is obtained by bode plot approach. The theoretical analysis and design are verified by the results.
Keywords: Distribution System, Power Quality, Custom Power Device, Shunt Compensation Device, Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM).

[1] John J. Paserba, Gregory F. Reed, Masatoshi Takeda & Tomohiko Aritsuka ," FACTS and Custom Power Equipment for the Enhancement of Power Transmission System Performance and Power Quality", Symposium of Specialists in Electric Operational and Expansion Planning (VII SEPOPE) Curitiba, Brazil, May 21-26, 2000.
[2] Y. HU Member, IEEE, Zhe CHEN, Senior Member, IEEE, and H. McKenzie "Voltage Source Converters in Distributed Generation Systems " DRPT2008 6-9 April 2008 Nanjing China.
[3] Hendri Masdi, Norman Mariun S.M. Bashi &Azah Mohamed, Construction of a Prototype D-Statcom for Voltage Sag Mitigation, European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.30 No.1 (2009), pp.112-127.
[4] Soo-Young Jung, Tae-Hyun Kim, Seung-Il Moon, Byung-Moon Han, "analysis and control of D-STATCOM for a line voltage regulation". Member, IEEE,pp. 729-734.
[5] N.G.Hingorani "Introducing custom power", IEEE spectrum, vol.32, June 1995, PP.41-48.
[6] N.G.Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of flexible ac transmission systems, IEEE Press, New York, 1999.
[7] K. R. Padiyar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560 012 ,India. FACTS CONTROLLERS IN POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION.
[8] Anaya-Lara Olimpo, E.Acha "Modeling and Analysis of custom power systems by PSCAD/EMTDC",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume: 17, Issue: 1, Jan 2002 pp: 266-272.
[9] Robert H Bishop, The University of texas at austin ,"Modern Control System Analysis and Design using MATLAB" ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY.

Abstract: Energy is the basic requirement for a developing country like India. Due to continuous development the energy demand is increasing more tremendously than the increase in population. To meet this energy demand the fossil fuels reserves are continuously depleting. The fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, gas etc. are used for power generation. Any other solution for power generation is required to save reserves and environment. The renewable energy sources are the best solution for this problem. This paper reveals the main renewable energy for power generation and its availability in different states of Punjab. We discuss the various technologies that can be used to use dry or wet biomass for power generation. In view of high energy potential in agricultural potential, proximate analysis, gross calorific value and ultimate analysis is done for different crop samples collected from Punjab state. Keywords – Biomass, Potential, Power, Renewable Energy, Technologies.

[1] Ministry of power, government of India, available: http://www.powermin.nic.in
[2] Mathias Loeser and Miles Alexander Redfern, Overview of Biomass Conversion and Generation Technologies, International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padova, Italy, Sept 2008, 1–4.
[3] Shouyu Zhang, Dingmao Peng and Fengbao Huang, Effect of Mineral Matter on the Reactivity of the Char from Agricultural Waste, International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology, 2009, 286-289.
[4] S. Murali, Rajnish Shrivastava, Mohini Saxena, Quantification of agricultural residues for energy generation –A Case Study Journal of the IPHE 3, India, 2007-08.
[5] Richard L .Bain, An Overview of Biomass Combined Heat and Power Technologies, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, IEEE, Denver, CO, 2004, 1657 - 1659.
[6] Amit Jain, Sustainable Energy Plan for an Indian Village International Conference on Power System Technology, Hangzhou, 2010, 1-8
[7] Ravindranath N.H. and Balachandra P., Sustainable bioenergy for India technical, economic and policy analysis, Energy 34, 2009, 1003–1013.
[8] M. Kumar and S. K. Patel, Energy Values and Estimation of Power Generation Potentials of Some Non-woody Biomass Species, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 30(8), 2008, 765 – 773.
[9] I. R. Pillai, and R. Banerjee, Renewable energy in India: Status and potential, Energy 34, 2009, 970–980.
[10] N.H. Ravindranath, P. Balachandra, S. Dasappa and Usha K. Rao, Bioenergy technologies for carbon abatement, Biomass and Bioenergy 30, 2006 826–837.

Abstract : The Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is probably the most widely applied speed sensor less
drive control scheme. This paper proposes induction motor speed estimation using conventional MRAS and AIbased
MRAS with stator resistance compensation. A conventional mathematical model based MRAS speed
estimation scheme can give a relatively precise speed estimation result, but errors will occur during low
frequency operation. Furthermore, it is also very sensitive to machine parameter variations. However, an AIbased
MRAS system with a Stator Resistance Compensation model can improve the speed estimation
accuracy and is relatively robust to parameter variations even at an extremely low frequency. These
are verified by simulation results.
Keywords - Dynamic Reference Model, Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS), Neural Networks,
Induction Motor Control.

[1] Finch, J. W. and Giaouris, D., Controlled AC Electrical Drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Feb. 2008, 55, 1, pp. 1-11,.
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[3] Vas, P., Sensor less Vector and Direct Torque Control, 1998: Oxford University Press.
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[5] Yang, G. and T. Chin, Adaptive-Speed Identification Scheme for a Vector-Controlled Speed Sensor less Inverter-Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1993,29.
[6] Fitzgerald, A.E., C. Kingsley, and S.D. Umans, Electric Machinery. 6th ed., 2003: McGraw-Hill International Edition.
[7] Vas, P., Artificial-Intelligence-Based Electrical Machines and Drives. 1999: Oxford University Press.
[8] Kumara, I.N.S., Speed Sensor less Field Oriented Control for Induction Motor Drive. PhD Thesis, 2006, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
[9] Leonhard, W., Controlled AC drives, a successful transition from ideas to industrial practice. Elsevier Science, 1996.
[10] Zhen, L. and L. Xu, Sensorless Field orientation Control of Induction Machines Based on Mutual MRAS scheme. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1998, 45.
[11] Holtz, J. and J. Quan, Drift and Parameter-Compensated Flux Estimator for Persistent Zero-Stator-Frequency Operation of Sensorless-Controlled Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 2003, 39.
[12] Ohtani, T., N. Takada, and K. Tanaka, Vector Control of Induction Motor without Shaft Encoder. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1992, 28.
[13] Peng, F.Z. and T. Fukao, Robust Speed Identification for Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, 1994, 30.
[14] Vasic, V. and S. Vukosavic, Robust MRAS-based Algorithm for Speed Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motors. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001.