iosr-JDMS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: Background And Objectives: Laryngoscopy with or without tracheal intubation amounts to a highly noxious stimulus to the homeostasis of the patient. Many a times under lighter planes of anaesthesia it elicits a defence mechanism in the form of haemodynamic response to stress, which involves activation of adrenocortical system. This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral Clonidine and IV Clonidine premedication on haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Method: One hundred normotensive patients between 18-45yrs of age (ASA Grade I & II) scheduled for elective surgery were sub-divided into two groups with 50 patients in each group. Group-I received oral Clonidine 4μg/kg and Group-II received intravenous Clonidine 3μg/kg 60 minutes and 15 minutes before induction respectively. Induction was done with inj Propofol 2mg/kg and inj Atracurium 0.5mg/kg or inj Vecuronium 0.1mg/kg. Heart rate(HR), Systolic blood pressure(SBP) , Diastolic blood pressure(DBP), Mean blood pressure(MBP) were recorded at preinduction, post-induction (pre-laryngoscopy) and post-laryngoscopy (1minutes, 3minutes, 5minutes, 10minutes & 15minutes). Results: Heart rate, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, and Mean blood pressure increased by 3minutes post-laryngoscopy in both groups. But the response was significantly less in the IV Clonidine group as compared to the Oral group. All the variables returned towards baseline values by 10-15minutes post-laryngoscopy in either groups. Conclusion: IV Clonidine 3μg/kg premedication effectively blunted stress response to endotracheal intubation in ASA physical status I and II patients without causing adverse reactions. Oral Clonidine 4μ/kg was less effective in blunting haemodynamic stress response.

Key words: attenuation of haemodynamic response; diastolic blood pressure; endotracheal intubation; heart rate ; IV Clonidine; laryngoscopy; mean blood pressur;Oral Clonidine; Premedication; systolic blood pressure;

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Abstract:Background: Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and it appears that regional fat distribution plays a role in determining the type of dyslipidemia present in an individual. The present study aims at determining the relationship between dyslipidemia and anthropometric measures in an adult Nigerian population. Method: In a cross-sectional community based study, 229 subjects were selected by a stratified random sampling method. Body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist to height ratio (W/Ht) were the anthropometric indices measured to determine their relationship with lipid profile which include total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C). Results: Anthropometric measures showed no correlations with lipid parameters but however correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures with WC having the strongest correlation.The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population was 58.1%. The pattern of dyslipidemia was as follows: 42.8% had low HDL-C, 21.4% had elevated TG, 2.6% had elevated TC and 1.7% had elevated LDL-C. Conclusion: Anthropometric measures can predict hypertension better than dyslipidemia. There is a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Nigeria and this is mainly due to low HDL-C and elevated TG.

Key words: Anthropometric measure, blood pressure, dyslipidemia.

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Abstract: Objectives: Various stretching techniques have been used to improve muscle flexibility in rehabilitation and sports. Mechanisms involving the efficacy of a stretching technique were studied and certain conclusions indicate one technique better than the other. Passive stretching is one most commonly used method and the recent inclusion of other techniques like ballistic stretching, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techaniques with its variants and Mulligan's Bent Leg Raise (BLR) have created more scope for researchers to compare and conclude better methods for improving flexibility. The aim of the present study was to measure hamstrings flexibility after a single bout of passive hamstring muscle stretching and BLR and comparing the effects between the two techniques. Methods: 78 asymptomatic individuals with bilateral hamstring tightness were randomized to one of the two groups - passive stretching (n=39) and BLR (n=39). Hamstring flexibility was measured using Back Saver Sit and Reach Test before and after the tests for both right and left lower limbs. Results and Conclusion: Analysis using dependent revealed that both passive stretching and BLR groups improved hamstring flexibility on both sides with improvements of 3.7cm and 4cm on right and left side respectively in BLR group and 1.3cm and 2cm on right and left side respectively in passive stretching group. However results of between group comparisons using independent t tests were not significant (p=.992 and .729 respectively for right and left sides) which suggests that passive stretching is equally effective as BLR technique in improving hamstrings length.

Keywords: Hamstring flexibility, Mulligan's Bent Leg Raise, passive stretching, Back Saver Sit and Reach test, passive knee extension test

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[7]. O'Hora J, Cartwright A, Wade CD, Hough AD, Shum GL. Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a single session. J Strength Cond Res 2011;25(6):1586-91.
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Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world as well as in our country like India where smoking is that much prevalent. Epithelial lung cancers are common in smokers and one of its commonest manifestations is DIC especially chronic DIC. Our aim is to find out the prevalence of DIC in epithelial lung cancers so that DIC related catastrophes can be minimized and better treatment protocols can be formulated. Complete hemogram, PT, APTT, platelet count, and FDP D`Dimer assay is done on 35 patients with diagnosed lung cancers of epithelial origin and on 35 healthy controls to prove the accuracy. It is found that 19 (54.28%) cases show raised FDP D`Dimer and other findings like normal PT & APTT in most of the cases confirms chronic DIC. It can be concluded that chronic DIC is a common event in epithelial lung cancers and proper recognition of this event may further improve treatment protocols.

Keywords: APTT, DIC, Epithelial lung cancers, FDP D`Dimer, Platelet count, PT

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