iosr-JDMS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: The regulation and fine tuning of airway caliber is basically determined by the bronchial tone through airway smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, wherein the autonomic nervous system has an important role. Here, we have compared Salbutamol (β2 adrenergic agonist) and Ipratropium bromide (M2 muscarinic antagonist). Previous studies focused mainly on patients with COPD, emphysema, asthma etc. and they showed inconsistent results. So the present study was taken up with an objective to find out the difference between the effects of inhaled Salbutamol and Ipratropium on the bronchomotor tone in healthy adults. The study included 86 subjects of age group 17-25 years. On day one, baseline spirometry was first recorded, followed by repeat spirometry 20 min. after giving 2 puffs of Salbutamol through MDI . On day two, spirometry was done 40 min. after administering 2 puffs of Ipratropium . FEV1, MEF25, MEF75, MEF25-75 PEF were significantly higher after Salbutamol inhalation. PIF, MIF50were also higher with Salbutamol but not statistically significant.

Keywords: - Autonomic nervous system, Bronchomotor tone, Spirometry, MDI.

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Abstract: According to WHO one third of the world population have tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of flurochrome(FI) stain with conventional Z-N stain in the diagnosis of pulmonary & extra- pulmonary tuberculosis. 388 cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. All samples were screen for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) by Z-N & Fluorescent staining methods. Positive samples detected by fluorescent stain were 57(14.69%) when compared to Zn stain 29(7.47%). Conclusion: Compared to Z-N stain (7.47%) flurochrome staining was found to be more efficient (14.69%) in AFB detection of AFB from cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Key Words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, flurochrome stain, Z-N stain.

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Abstract: Sudden unexpected deaths in neonates usually result from underlying natural disease. We report a case of death in a full term apparently healthy female neonate delivered normally at the –M.I.M.E.R. Medical College hospital, Talegaon, Pune, India, who cried after birth, developed cyanosis and died in a few minutes. The foetus was received in the Dept. of Anatomy, M.I.M.E.R. Medical College for embalming and dissection. Detailed examination and dissection revealed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with bilateral lung hypoplasia in the newborn. With the advent of better antenatal diagnosis and neonatal care, the chances of survival in CDH have improved. However, there still remains a significant risk of death and complications in infants with CDH, primarily due to the associated lung hypoplasia. The insult to the lungs is now thought to be an independent, associated finding, due to a common genetic pathway involved in the development of the diaphragm and the lungs, rather than a cause-effect relationship.

Keywords - Sudden death, neonate, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, lung hypoplasia, genetic pathway

[1] Keith L. Moore, T.V.N. Persaud, Mark G. Torchia, The Developing Human (Saunders, Philadelphia, Elsevier)

[2] Jan A Deprest, Kypros Nicolaides, Eduard Gratacos, Fetal Surgery for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Is Back from Never Gone, Fetal Diag Ther, (29,) 2011, 6-17.
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[4] Ramona Mandrusca, ES Boia, C Popoiu, Luminita Vrinceanu, Congenital diphragmatic hernia, Jurnalul pediatrului, (IX,) 2006, 33-34.

[5] Sharon Unger, Ian Copland, Dick Tibboel, Martin Post, Down-Regulation of Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Pulmonary Hypoplasia Is Associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, American journal of pathology, 162(2),2003, 547- 555.

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[8] Barbara R. Pober, Overview of Epidemiology, Genetics, Birth defects, and Chromosome Abnormalities Associated with CDH, Am j med genet. c semin genet., 145C(2,) 2007, 158-171.

[9] Tovar, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2012, 7:1

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Abstract:Background: The incidence of lymphadenopathy appears to be increasing, especially among young adults all over the world. Their frequent involvement in regional and systemic diseases and their easy accessibility make the cytomorphological study of lymph nodes a permanent activity of pathologists. Inflammatory and immune reactions are the most frequent causes of lymph node enlargement and are self limiting in majority of cases. Lymphoid tissue undergoes reactive changes to a wide variety of antigenic stimuli. Tuberculosis, which is common in India, can also be diagnosed by cytology of affected lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are also affected as a result of primary neoplasm of the node itself and from metastasis of malignant neoplasm from regional and distant organs. With the advent of FNAC, most of the inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic conditions can be diagnosed without biopsy. It has the advantage that it can be done safely, rapidly and cheaply with minimal trauma at an outpatient setup or at the bedside.

Keywords – Fine needle aspiration cytology, lymph nodes

[1]. Kochhar K, Patel B, Shah M. Pattern of Lymphadenopathy on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Superficial Lymph Nodes (A Study of 150 Cases). JARBS 2012; 4: 288-292.
[2]. Khajuria R, Goswami KC, Singh K, Dubey VK. Pattern of Lymphadenopathy on Fine Needle Aspiration cytology in Jammu. JK Science Journal of Medical Education and Research 2006; 8:157-159.
[3]. Hirachand S, Lakhey M, Akhter J, Thapa B. Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lymph Nodes in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2009; 7:139-142.
[4]. Adhikari P, Sinha BK, Baskota DK. Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathies. AMJ 2011; 4: 97-99.
[5]. Paul PC, Goswami BK, Chakrabarti S, Giri A, Pramanik R. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lymph Nodes - An institutional study of 1448 cases over a five year period. Journal of Cytology 2004; 21:187-90.