iosr-JCE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: In this paper, Adaptive Modulation and Coding technique for OFDM is proposed. In this technique it is possible to switch the modulation order and coding rate in order to better match the channel conditions. The use of adaptive modulation allows higher throughputs and covering long distances. The aim of this paper is to increase the transmission data rate which the high order modulation scheme with low coding redundancy is used. Numerical results are presented showing that the better performance both in terms of error probability and data throughput.

Index terms: OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, IEEE 802.16, broadband wireless access, WiMAX.

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enhancing 1X systems," 3GPP2, S00-200003210-020,March, 2000
[2] Motorola and Nokia, "1XTREME," 3GGP2, S00-20000321-019, March, 2000
[3] Motorola, Nokia, Philips, TI and Altera, "Joint 1XTREME Proposal for 1XEV-DV," 3GPP2, C50-20010611-008a, June, 2001
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Abstract: We describe a Model RSM2 (A Reliable and Scalable Multicast Model). The approach we adopt uses Proactive-Routing, Minimum-Cost Path Algorithm, Combo-casting, Active Server Based Recovery, NACK-Based acknowledgement, Buffer Management, Optimized Flooding Algorithm. The main characteristic of RSM2 model is, to provide complete multicasting, i.e. at the same time more than one node can act as sender. This model provides one-to-many communications as well as many-to-many communications. Through this model, we tried to create an improvement over RMTP. To describe the generality of this Model, we have designed an algorithm MCPA(Minimum Cost Path Algorithm).

Keywords - Combo-Casting, Optimized Flooding Algorithm, Proactive Routing, Reliability, Scalability

Journal Papers:
[1] Sanjoy Paul, Member, IEEE, Krishna K. Sabnani, Fellow, IEEE, John C.-H. Lin and Supratik Bhattacharyya ―Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)‖. IEEE journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 15, No. 3, April 1997.
Proceedings Papers:
[2] Danyang Zhang, Sibabrata Ray, Rajgopal Kannan, S. Sitharama Iyengar ―A Recovery Algorithm for Reliable Multicasting in reliable networks.‖ Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'03).
Books:
[3] K.K.Singh, Akansha Singh,‖Mobile Computing‖, Umesh Publications.
Thesis:
[4] Ruchi Gupta, A Reliable and Scalable Multicast Model (RSM2) ,Mahamaya Technical University, Noida, M.Tech, CSE, 2012.
Journal Papers:
[5] Carolos Livadas, Idit Keidar, Nancy A. Lynch ―Designing a Caching-Based Reliable Multicast Protocol‖
[6] Ruchi Gupta, Pramod Kumar Sethy ―A Reliable & Scalable Multicast Model―(RSM2), in International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-1, Issue-2.

Abstract: Automatic Train Control (ATC) is the term for a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves some sort of speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. ATC systems continuously monitor all movements of the trains on lines and at stations and provide safe signaling. A large number of automatic functions support the high speeds possible and enabling the line and network resources to be utilized to maximum capacity. ATC use to schedule multiple trains between two stations with small meter gap between adjutant trains. So the railway department can run more train by using the same track without accident problem. Population explosion has resulted in a series of problems, such as traffic jam, environment pollution, and energy crisis. This project focus on channel estimation errors and the tradeoff between MIMO multiplexing gain and diversity gain in making handoff decisions. The handoff problem is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), and the optimal handoff policy can be derived to minimize the handoff latency.

Keywords- Green computing, railway communication, wireless local area network (LAN), train scheduling

[1] M. Khan and X. Zhou, "Stochastic optimization model and solution algorithm for robust double-track train-timetabling problem," IEEE Trans. Intell Transp. Syst., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 81–89, Mar. 2010.

[2] L. Li, H. Zhang, X. Wang, W. Lu, and Z. Mu, "Urban transit coordination using an artificial transportation system," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp Syst.,vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 374–383, Jun. 2011.

[3] H. Dong, B. Ning, B. Cai, and Z. Hou, "Automatic train control system development and simulation for high-speed railways," IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 6–18, Jun.2010.

[4] M. Aguado, O. Onandi, P. Agustin, M. Higuero, and E. Jacob Taquet, "WiMax on rails," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 47–56, Sep. 2008.

[5] A. Santos, A. Soares, F. de Almeida Redondo, and N. Carvalho, "Tracking trains via radio frequency systems," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 244–258, Jun. 2005.

[6] A. Amanna, M. Gadhiok, M. Price, J. Reed, W. Siriwongpairat, and T. Himsoon, "Railway cognitive radio," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 82–89, Sep. 2010.

[7] M. Aquado, E. Jacob, P. Saiz, J. J. Unzilla, M. V. Hiquero, and J. Matias,"Railway signaling systems and new trends in wireless data communication, "in Proc. IEEE VTC, Dallas, TX, Sep. 2005, pp. 1333–1336.

[8] I. Ramani and I. Ramani, "Syncscan: Practical fast handoff for 802.11infrastructure networks," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Seoul, Korea, Mar. 2005, pp. 675–684.

[9] L. Zheng and D. N. C. Tse, "Diversity and multiplexing: A fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 49, pp. 1073–1096, May 2003.

[10] M. Park, S. Choi, and S. M. Nettles, "Cross-layer MAC design for wireless networks using MIMO," in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Nov. 2005, p. 2874.