iosr-JCE   Volume-7 ~ Issue-5

Abstract:VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is an emerging new technology with some unique characteristics that makes it different from other ad hoc network. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection it is also difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. Because of road accident daily occurrence VANET is one of the influencing areas for the improvement of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) which can increase road safety and provide traffic information etc. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Suitable routing protocols are required to establish communication between vehicles in future for road safety. In this paper, we focus on the merits and demerits of routing protocols which will help to develop new routing protocols or improvement of existing routing protocol in near future..
Keywords: Proactive, Reactive, Routing Protocol, VANET, MANET.

Websites
[1] Ericson, "Communication and Mobility by Cellular Advanced Radio", ComCar project, www.comcar.de,2002.
[2] Online, http://www.ist-drive.org/index2.html.

Thesis Papers
[3] W. Franz, H. Hartenstein, and M. Mauve, Eds., Inter-Vehicle-Communications Based on Ad Hoc Networking Principles-The Fleet
Net Project. Karlshue, Germany: Universitatverlag Karlsuhe, November 2005.
[4] Forderer, D (2005). "Street-Topology Based Routing." Master's thesis, University of Mannheim, May 2005.
[5] Rainer Baumann, "Vehicular Ad hoc Networks", Master's Thesis in Computer Science, ETH Zurich (2004).
Workshop Papers
[6] Festag, et. al., "NoW-Network on Wheels: Project Objectives, Technology and Achievements", Proceedings of 6th International
Workshop on Intelligent Transportations (WIT), Hamburg, Germany, March 2008.
[7] Lochert, C., Hartenstein, H., Tian, J., Fussler, H., Hermann, D., Mauve, M. (2003), "A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc
networks in city environments," Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2003. Proceedings. IEEE, vol., no., pp. 156-161, 9-11 June 2003.
[8] O. K. Tonguz, N. Wisitpongphan, F. Bai, P. Mudalige and V. Sadekar, "Broadcasting in VANET", Proc. IEEE INFOCOM MOVE
Workshop 2007, Anchorage, USA, (2007).
Journal Papers
[9] Perkins, C.; Belding-Royer, E.; Das, S. (July 2003)"Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing".
[10] Johnson, D. B. and Maltz, D. A. (1996), "Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," Mobile Computing, T.
Imielinski and H. Korth, Eds., Ch. 5, Kluwer, 1996, pp. 153–81.

Abstract:Natural disasters are an unexpected fact of life that may occur during unpredictable times and in unpredictable ways. Ability to mitigate and adapt to natural disasters after many devastating events is becoming a greater challenge to the emergency response operators. Inefficiencies in the technology during rescue operations makes the communication between the rescuers problematic. The emerging role of GPR and GSM remote cameras makes it possible to capture and process the mission-critical data for the use of first responders. Due to its portability and affordable cost, it is feasible to integrate them into environment monitoring tasks in critical care regions. A problem is that there is a need to switch between different access networks for providing effective mission critical communication. IEEE 802.21 standard provides a media independent framework that enables seamless handover between heterogeneous access technologies. We proposed a life detection framework that assists the rescue operators in detecting alive humans and thereby provides a smooth communication between them. This framework together with media independent handover scheme and real time data distribution service operates in a reliable and timely manner against unpredictable environments.
Keywords: Media Independent Handover (MIH), unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),disaster detection, handover.

[1] Rong Jyh Kang, Hsung-Pin Chang, Ruei-Chuan Chang: A seamless Vertical Handoff Scheme. Proceedings on First International
Conference on Wireless Internet. 0-7695-2382-X (2005).
[2] Witayangkurn, M. Nagai,K. Honda,M. Dailey and R. Shibasaki Real-time monitoring system using unmanned aerialvehicle
integrated with sensor observation service",Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XXXVIII -1/C22 UAV-g 2011.
[3] Felipe A. Cruz-Perez, Arturo Seguin-Jimenez, Lauro Ortigoza-Guerrero: Effects of Handoff Margins and Shadowing on the
Residence Time in Cellular Systems with Link Adaptation. 0-7803-521-7/04.IEEE (2004).
[4] Tein-Yaw Chung, Yung-Mu Chen, Pu-Chen Mao, Chen-Kuan Tsai, Sheng-Wen Lai, Chun-Po Chen: The Design and
Implementation of IEEE 802.21and Its Application on Wireless IEEE (2010).
[5] White (2004) Paper on Emergency Communications prepared by the Space & Advanced Communications Research Institute
(SACRI) George Washington University 2006.
[6] IEEE P802.21/D14.0 Media Independent Handover Services, Sept 2008.
[7] Aiswaria Ramachandran, Baliji Haiharan,"Collaborative Mobile Device based Data Collection and Dissemination using MIH for
Effective Emergency Management".
[8] Woochul Kang, Krasimira Kapitanova, "RDDS: A Real-Time Data Distribution Service for Cyber Physical Systems".

Abstract:Sustaining a given level of data redundancy is a basic requirement of peer-to-peer (P2P) storage systems to make certain desired data availability, additional replicas must be created when peers fail. Because the majority of failures in P2P networks are short-lived (i.e., peers return with data intact), reliably distinctive permanent and transient failures, however, is a demanding task, because peers are apathetic to probes in both cases. This paper proposes MASS (Maximum Available Server Selection), an algorithm that detects the failure and redirect the user services by the available server.
Keywords: Failure detector, P2P storage, availability, Failure Recovery.

[1] CleversafeInc.,http://www.cleversafe.org/dispersed-storage,2011.
[2] Wuala, Peer-to-peer storage system, http://wua.la/en/home.html, 2010.
[3] R. Bhagwan, K. Tati, Y.-C. Cheng, S. Savage, and G.M. Voelker,"Total Recall: System Support for Automated Availability
Management," Proc. Symp. Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI '04), 2004.
[4] C. Blake and R. Rodrigues, "High Availability,Scalable Storage,Dynamic Peer Networks: Pick Two," Proc. Ninth Workshop Hot
Topicsin Operating Systems (HotOS '03), 2003.
[5] R.Koo and S. Toueg, "Checkpointing and Rollback-Recovery for Distributed Systems," IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. 13, no. 1,
pp 23-31, Jan. 1987.
[6] D. Manivannan and M. Singhal, "A Low-Overhead Recovery Technique Using Quasi Synchronous Check pointing," Proc. IEEE
Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 100-107, 1996.
[7] J.C. Laprie, A. Avizienis, and H. Kopetz. Dependability: Basic Concepts and Terminology. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
Secaucus, NJ, USA, 1992.
[8] D.N. Tran, F. Chiang, and J. Li, "Friendstore: Cooperative Online Backup Using Trusted Nodes," Proc. First Workshop Social.
Network Systems (SocialNets '08), 2008.
[9] H. Weatherspoon, B.G. Chun, C. So, and J. Kubiatowicz, "Long-Term Data Maintenance in Wide-Area Storage Systems: A
Quantitative Approach," Computer, 2005.
[10] Protector: A Probabilistic Failure Detector for Cost-Effective Peer-to-Peer Storage Zhi Yang, Jing Tian, Ben Y. Zhao, Wei Chen,
and Yafei Dai, Member, IEEE Transaction on parallel and distributed systems, VOL. 22, NO. 9, Sep 2011