iosr-JCE   Volume-7 ~ Issue-3

Abstract:In this paper we are providing an approach for authentication using palm prints. Biometrics is physiological characteristics of human beings, unique for every individual that are usually time invariant and easy to acquire. Palm print is one of the relatively new physiological biometrics due to its stable and unique characteristics. In this paper, a combination of hand geometry and palmprint verification system is being developed. This system uses a scanner as sole sensor to obtain the hands images. First, the hand geometry verification system performs the feature extraction to obtain the geometrical information of the fingers and palm. Second, the region of interest (ROI) is detected and cropped by palmprint verification system. This ROI acts as the base for palmprint feature extraction by using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Lastly, the matching scores of the two individual classifiers is fused by several fusion algorithms namely sum rule, weighted sum rule and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results of the fusion algorithms are being compared with the outcomes of the individual palm and hand geometry classifiers. We are able to show that fusion using SVM with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel has outperformed other combined and individual classifiers.
Keywords: Palm prints, fusion, palmprint, hand geometry.

[1] W.K. Kong and D. Zhang, "Palm print texture analysis based on low-resolution images for personal authentication", in Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 3, pp. 807-810, 2002.
[2] A. Kong, D. Zhang and G. Lu, "A study of identical twins palm print for personal verification", Pattern Recognition, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2149-2156, 2006.
[3] [A.W.K. Kong and D. Zhang, "Competitive Coding scheme for palmprint verification", in Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 520-523, 2004.
[4] A. Kong and D. Zhang, "Palm print identification using feature-level fusion", Pattern Recognition, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 478-487, 2006.
[5] A. Kong, D Zhang and M. Kamel, "A study of brute-force break-ins of a palmprint verification system", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1201-1205, 2006.
[6] Kong, K.H. Cheung, D. Zhang, M. Kamel and J. You, "An analysis of Biohashing and its variants", Pattern Recognition, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 1359-1368, 2006.
[7] D. Zhang, W.K. Kong, J. You and M. Wong, "On- line palm print identification", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1041- 1050, 2003.
[8] T. Connie, A.T.B. Jin, M.G.K. Ong and D.N.C. Ling, "An automated palmprint recognition system", Image and Vision Computing, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 501-515, 2005.
[9] C.C. Han, "A hand-based personal authentication using a coarse-to-fine strategy", Image and Vision Computing, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 909-918, 2004.
[10] C.C. Han, H.L. Cheng, C.L. Lin and K.C. Fan, "Personal authentication using palm-print features", Pattern Recognition, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 371-381, 2003.

Abstract:The vision of nomadic computing with its ubiquitous access has stimulated much interest in the Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) technology. However, its proliferation strongly depends on the availability of security provisions, among other factors. We address the problem of secure and fault-tolerant communication in the presence of adversaries across a multi-hop wireless network with frequently changing topology. To effectively cope with arbitrary malicious disruption of data transmissions, we propose and evaluate the secure message transmission (SMT) protocol and its alternative, the secure single-path (SSP) protocol. Among the salient features of SMT and SSP is their ability to operate solely in an end-to-end manner and without restrictive assumptions on the network trust and security associations. As a result, the protocols are applicable to a wide range of network architectures. We demonstrate that highly reliable communication can be sustained with small delay and small delay variability, even when a substantial portion of the network nodes systematically or intermittently disrupt communication. SMT and SSP robustly detect transmission failures and continuously configure their operation to avoid and tolerate data loss, and to ensure the availability of communication. This is achieved at the expense of moderate transmission and routing overhead, which can be traded off for delay. Overall, the ability of the protocols to mitigate both malicious and benign faults allows fast and reliable data transport even in highly adverse network environments.
Keywords: Secure Message Transmission, Multi-path Routing, Secure Routing, Secure Routing Protocol , Fault tolerance, mobile ad hoc network (MANET) security, network security, secure data transmission.

[1] P. Papadimitratos and Z.J. Haas, ―Secure Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,‖ in Proceedings of the SCS Communication Networks and Distributed Systems Modeling and Simulation Conference (CNDS 2002), San Antonio, TX, Jan. 27-31, 2002.

[2] P. Papadimitratos, Z.J. Haas, and P. Samar, ―The Secure Routing Protocol (SRP) for Ad Hoc Networks,‖ Internet Draft, draft-papadimitratos-secure-routing-protocol-00.txt, Dec. 2002.

[3] M.O. Rabin, ―Efficient Dispersal of Information for Security, Load Balancing, and Fault Tolerance,‖ Journal of ACM, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 335-348, Apr. 1989.

[4] H. Krawczyk, M. Bellare, and R. Canetti, ―HMAC: Keyed- Hashing for Message Authentication,‖ RFC 2104, Feb. 1997.

[5] P. Papadimitratos and Z.J. Haas, ―Secure Link State Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,‖ in Proceedings of the IEEE CS Workshop on Security and Assurance in Ad hoc Networks, in conjunction with the 2003 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, Orlando, FL, Jan. 2003.

[6] A. Tsirigos and Z.J. Haas, ―Multipath Routing in the Presence of Frequent Topological Changes,‖ IEEE Comm. Magazine, pp. 132-138, Nov. 2001.

[7] J. Broch, D.A. Maltz, D.B. Johnson, Y-C. Hu, J. Jetcheva, ―A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols,‖ in proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Mobile Computing (Mobicom'98), 1998.

[8] ―Secure on-demand distance-vector routing in ad hoc networks,‖ in Proc. 2005 IEEE Sarnoff Symp., Princeton, NJ, Apr. 2005, pp. 168–171.

[9] S. Kent and R. Atkinson, ―Security architecture for the Internet protocol,‖ IETF, RFC 2401, Nov. 1998. [10] ―IP authentication header,‖ IETF, RFC 2402, Nov. 1998..

Abstract:Agile methods were developed to overcome shortcomings and weaknesses in conventional software engineering. It can provide important benefits, but it is not applicable to all projects. In today economy, it is always difficult and impossible to predict how a computer-based system (e.g. a web based application) will evolve as time passes. It is really difficult to define or fix requirements fully before the project begins. So our main aim is to explore all the ways by which we can use agile method in software development to execute the project successfully within time.
Keywords: XP- Xtreme Programming. CRC – Class-responsibility collaboration

[1] Advanced Development Methods, Inc. "Origins of Scrum"

[2] The agile Alliance Home Page, http://www.agilealliance.org/home

[3] Cockburn, A., and Agile Software Devlopment, Addision-Wesley 2002.

[4] Software Engineering – Roger S . Pressman