iosr-JCE   Volume-4 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Millimeter Wave satellite communications are discussed with only modest site separation and switched diversity .Various aspects of MM Wave communication link at 35 GHz ,60 GHz and 94 Ghz frequencies for satellite applications are discussed in the paper. Link calculations are carried out and possible hardware configurations are sketched out briefly in respect of Ground Satellite and Inter Satellite Communications Links
Keywords: Satellite communication, Satellite Spacing, Millimeter wave communication

[1] Gerard Maral ,―Satellite Communication System ‖,John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2002.
[2] Paul Christopher, ―Millimeter Waves for Broadband Satellite Communication, 75- 98
[3] GHz;‖ Proc. Ka and Broadband Conference, Isle of Ischia, Oct. 2003

Abstract: Biometric recognition is a common and reliable way to authenticate the identity of the person. Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on images of the irides of an individual's eyes. With the growing employment of the iris recognition systems and associated research to support this, the need for large databases of iris images is growing. If the required storage space is not adequate for these images, compression is an alternative. JPEG standard cannot fulfil the advanced requirements of today's digital imagery. Digital imaging has become an integral part of the Internet and JPEG 2000 is a powerful new tool that provides power capabilities for designers and users of networked image applications. SPIHT algorithm is a very efficient technique for wavelet image compression. This is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). SPIHT is an improved and extended version of Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (EZW) coding algorithm. In this paper parameters like compression ratio, signal to noise ratio, average bit rate are obtained for both these algorithms and compared.
Keywords: Biometric recognition, Compression, Discrete Transform, Entropy Coding, Quantization

[1] "Methods in IRIS recognition" in NCECC-09
[2] J.Daugman, "How Iris Recognition Works" Proceedings of 2002 International Conference on Image Processing, Vol.1, 2002.
[3] J. Daughman. "New methods in IRIS recognition" IEEE transactions on systems. Vol.37, No.5, October 2007
[4] M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu, and I. Daubechies, "Image coding using the wavelet transform," IEEE Trans. Image
Processing, pp. 205-220,
[5] Visual Evaluation of JPEG 2000 Color Image Compression Performance, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 N1583, Mar. 2000.
[6] The JPEG 2000 Still image compression standard by Athanassios Skodras, Charilaos Christopoulos, and Touradj Ebrahimi
[7] A simplified SPIHT algorithm by Jun-Ren Ding and Jar-Ferr Yang, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 31, No. 4,
pp. 715-719.
[8] Said, A., and Pearlman, W. A., 1996, "A New, Fast, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees," IEEE Transactions Circuits and
Systems on Video Technology, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 243-250.
[9] CASIA Iris Image Database. http://www.sinobiometrics.com

Abstract: In this paper a brief review of differential signalling is given and it is studied why using single ended standard S parameters does not give us a complete understanding of a Differential line and thus comes a new mixed mode S parameters that helps us understand the common mode to differential mode conversion and vice versa, in a simplified manner. Also conversion method from single ended S parameters to Approximate and True Mixed mode S parameters is studied in brief and derived.
Keywords: Differential port, Differential signaling, Even and Odd mode Impedance, Mode conversion, Single ended S parameters.

Books:
[1] H. Johnson, M. Graham, High-speed signal propagation Advanced black magic Prentice-Hall, 2002.
Journal Papers:
[2] Bruce Archambeault, Associate Editor, Member IEEE, Design Tip – EMC Considerations for Differential (Balanced) Lines
[3] David E. Bockelman, Member, IEEE, and William R. Eisenstadt, Senior Member, IEEE, Pure-Mode Network Analyzer for On-
Wafer, Measurements of Mixed-Mode S-Parameters of Differential Circuits, Ieee Transactions On Microwave Theory And
Techniques, Vol. 45, No. 7, July 1997.
[4] Garth Sundberg, Member of the Technical Staff Technology, Research, and Development, Grasp The Meaning Of Mixed- Mode
S-Parameters. Microwaves and RF, vol. 40, pp. 99-104, May 2001.
[5] Wolfgang Maichen and Bo Krsnik, A Practical Guide to Lossy Differential Lines, Teradyne, Inc.
Proceedings Papers:
[6] Allan Huynh, Pär Håkansson and Shaofang Gong, Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Conversion for Networks with Coupled Differential
Signals Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University Norrköping,, Bredgatan 33, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.