Volume-3 ~ Issue-6
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Abstract: A dual microstrip meander slot antenna is presented for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The proposed antenna comprises a rectangular microstrip patch element embedded with two meander slots. The parametric study is performed to investigate the characteristic of microstrip patch antenna with double meandered slots compared to the same microstrip patch antenna with a single meandered slot. Microstrip patch antenna with dual meander slot can achieve return loss until -24.54dB. However the gain of the antenna is lower than microstrip patch antenna with single meander slot. Other antenna parameters are also investigated such as bandwidth, radiation patterns and directivity have been observed and simulated. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated by using CST Studio Suite 2010.
Keywords:Dual Meander Slot, Microstrip Patch Antenna, Simulated, Single Meander Slot, WLAN
[2] A. Khalegi A. Azooulay. J. C. Bolomey, "A Dual Band Back Couple Meandering Antenna For Wireless LAN Applications", Gof Survvette, France, 2005.
[3] C.-C. Lin, S.-W.Kuo, and H.-R. Chuang, A 2.4-GHz Printed Meander-Line Antenna for USB WLAN With Notebook-PC Housing, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, VOL.15, NO.9, 546-548.
[4] Young Do Kim, Ho -Yong Kim, Hong Min Lee, Dual-band LTCC chip antenna design using stacked meander patch for mobile handsets, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Volume 45, Issue 4, May 2005, pp: 271-273
[5] Gye-Taek Jeong, Woo-Soo Kim, Kyung-Sup Kwak, Design of a corner-truncated square-spiral microstrip patch antenna in the 5-GHz band, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Volume 48, Issue 3, pp: 529-532
[6] L. C. Godara, Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communication. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2002.
[7] D. Misman, M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, M. N. Husain, M. K. A. Rahim, P. J. Soh, "Design of Dual Beam Meander Line Antenna", Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), April 2011, pp. 576-578.
[8] G. Kumar and K. R. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas. London, U.K.: Artech House, 2003.
[9] M. Z. A. Abd. Aziz, N. A. A. Mufit, M. K. Suaidi, M. K. A. Rahim, "Investigation of Single Stage λ/4 Transformer Matching Network to the X-Circular Polarized Antenna" Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jan-June 2012.
[10] M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, N. A. A. Mufit, M. K. Suaidi, A. Salleh, M. H. Misran, M. K. A. Rahim, "Study on Microstrip X-Linear Polarized and X-Circular Polarized Antenna", Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), March 2012, pp. 907-911.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Implementation of ALU Using Asynchronous Design |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | P. Amrutha and G. Hanumantha Reddy |
| : | 10.9790/2834-0360712 ![]() |
Abstract:Power consumption has become one of the biggest challenges in design of high performance microprocessors. In this paper we present a design technique using GALs (Globally-Asynchronous Locally-Synchronous) for implementing asynchronous ALUs, which aims to eliminate the global clock. Here ALUs are designed with delay insensitive dual rail four phase logic and CMOS domino logic. It ensures economy in silicon area and potentially for low power consumption. This has been described and implemented in order to achieve a high performance in comparison with synchronous and available asynchronous design. Also simulation results, show significant reduction in the number of transistors as well as delay.
[2] Scott Hauck, Asynchronous Design Mythologies: An Overview, in 1995, Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 69-93.
[3] A. J. Martin, S. Burns, T. K. Lee, D. Borkovie, and P. J. Hazewindus, The Design of an Asynchronous Microprocessor, in 1989, Proc. of the Decennial CalTech Conference on VLSI, MIT Press, pp 351-373.
[4] G. Gopalakrishnan, and P. Jain Some Recent Asynchronous System Design Methodologies, Technical Report Number UU-CS-TR-90-016, University of Utah, 1990.
[5] L. Benini, and G. De Micheli, Transformations and synthesis of FSM‟s for low power gated clock implementation, IEEE Trans. Computer- Aided Design, vol. 15, 1996.
[6] J. M. Rabaey, and M. Pedram, Low Power Design Methodologies, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, ISBNO-7923-9630-8).
[7] A. Hemani, T. Meincke , S. Kumar, A. Postula, P. Nilsson, J. Oberg, P. Ellervee, and D. Lundqvist, Lowering power consumption in clock by using globally asynchronous locally synchronous design style, in 1999, Proc. IEEE Design Automat. Conf., pp. 873-878.
[8] M. Choi, and N. Park, Locally synchronous, globally asynchronous design for quantum-dot cellular automata (LSGA QCA), in 2005, Proc. IEEE NANO, pp. 121-124.
[9] S. Hauck, Asynchronous design methodologies: an overview, in 1995, Proc. IEEE, vol. 83, pp. 63-69.
[10] J. Sparso, and S. Furber, Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design: A Systems Perspective, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Abstract:It is well known that classical differential detection of MPSK signals, wherein the information is encoded as the first order phase difference, is a simple and robust form of communication in environments not subject to frequency variation. For channels that introduce into the carrier a random frequency shift, eg., those associated with moving vehicles, classical differential detection as above may yield poor performance, particularly if the frequency shift is an appreciable fraction of the data rate. In such situations, one must resort to a form of differential detection that encodes the information as higher order (second order for constant frequency shift) phase difference process. It is shown that the proposed receiver is robust to the distortions caused by the random frequency variation. A lower bound on the error probability of the proposed MSDD receiver is also derived and compared to that of an autocorrelation demodulator for the case where the observation interval approaches infinity..
[2] D.Divsalar and M.K.Simon, "Multiple-symbol differential detection of MPSK," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 300-
308, Mar. 1990.
[3] "Maximum-likelihood differential detection of uncoded and trellis coded amplitude phase moulation over AWGN and fading
channels- metrics and performance," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 76-89, Jan. 1994.
[4] S. G. Wilson, J. Freebersyser, and C. Marshall, "Multi-symbol detection of M-DPSK," in Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf.,
Nov. 1989, pp. 1692-1697.
[5] A. M. Rabiei and N. C. Beaulieu, "Multiple symbol differential detection of MPSK in the presence of frequency offset,"
in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., vol. 1, May 2005, pp. 693-697.
[6] D. Divsalar and M. K. Simon, "Double differential detection," NASA New Technology Item 7170, Docket 17666, June 27;
presented at IEEE Commun. Theory Workshop, Apr. 1987.
[7] Y. B. Okunev, V. A. Pisarev, and V. K. Reshemkin, "The design and noise-immunity of multiphase autocorrelation
demodulators of second- order DPSK signals," Radiotekhnika, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 60-63, 1979; Telecomm. Radio Eng., part
2, vol. 34, no. 6, 1979, pp. 60-63.
[8] Y. B. Okunev and L. M. Fink, "Noise immunity of various receiving methods for binary systems with second-order
phase-difference mod- ulation," Radiotekhnika, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 51-56, 1984; Telecommun. Radio Eng., vol. 39, no. 8, 1984,
pp. 51-56.
[9] Y. B. Okunev and N. M. Sidorov, "Noise immunity of a carrier frequency-invarient demodulator of DPSK-2 signals,"
Radiotekhnika, no. 6, pp. 81-83, 1986; Telecommun. Radio Eng., no. 6, 1986, pp. 81-83.
[10] M. K. Simon and D. Divsalar, "On the implementation and performance of single and double differential detection schemes,"
IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 278- 291, Feb. 1992.
