iosr-JCE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Survey on Reversible Watermarking
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Priyanka S. Aher, K. U. Rahane
	:	10.9790/0661-1540104

Abstract: A number of research papers has been produced about reversible watermarking. Reversible watermarking is one of the important scheme of the watermarking schemes. Some security measures must be there to protect the records from unauthorized user and destruction of information. Basic idea of digital watermarking is to embed the data into the cover media to provide the security to data. The watermarking techniques satisfying these requirements called as Reversible watermarking. Ownership of the original media remains same but the best thing is original media is recovered from the watermarked media. This is the best and main feature of reversible watermarking to extract the original image as it is without any distortion. This feature is applicable in various areas such as medical as well as military images. If there is effect on the cover then it would changes the meaning of this data. The aim of this paper is to represent the purpose of reversible watermarking, some of the techniques related to reversible watermarking.

Keywords: Reversible watermarking, Security, copyright protection

[1] Hsiang-Cheh Huang and Wai-Chi Fang (2011) IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop.

[2] Lain Luo, Zhenyong Chen, Ming Chen, Xiao Zeng, Zhang Xiong (2010) Information Forensics and Security, IEEE Trans-actions, vol.5, no.1, pp.187-193.

[3] C. S. Tsai and C. C. Chang, A repeating color watermarking scheme based on human visual model, Journal of Eurasip on Applied Signal Processing, volume 13, pp. 1965–1972, 2004.

[4] J. B. Feng, H. C. Wu, Tsai, Chu, A new multi-secret images sharing scheme using LaGrange's interpolation, Journal of Systems and Software, volume - 76, pp. 327–339, June 2005.

[5] C. C. Chang and Lin, Remarks on fingerprint based remote user authentication scheme using smart cards, ACM Operating Systems Review, vol. 38, no. 3, page no. 91–100, Oct. 2004.

[6] A. M. Alattar, Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, page- 1147–1156, Aug. 2004.

[7] M. U. Celik, G. Sharma, A. M. Tekalp, Saber, Lossless generalized-lsb data embedding, Transaction of IEEE on Image Processing, volume-14, page 253–266, Feb. 2005.

[8] J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, Q. Chen, and V. Pathak, "Lossless data embedding with file size preservation," in SPIE Proceedings of EI, Jan. 2004.

[9] T. Kalker, Willems, Capacity bounds and code constructions for reversible data-hiding, Proceedings of Electronic Imaging 2003, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V, page- 604–611,USA, Jan- 2003.

[10] D. M. Thodi, Rodriguez, Reversible watermarking by prediction-error expansion, Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation, volume-3, page-21–25,USA,March. 2004.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Improving Sales in SME Using Internet Marketing
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	M. Zainal Arifin, Ahmad Fahmi, Didik D.P, Heru WH, M. Ashar P
	:	10.9790/0661-1540509

Abstract: In Indonesia, SMEs are the backbone of the Indonesian economy. Number of SMEs until 2011 to reach around 52 million. SMEs in Indonesia is very important for the economy because it accounts for 60% of GDP and 97% of the workforce holds. But access is limited to financial institutions only 25% or 13 million SMEs who have access to financial institutions. Indonesian government, SMEs, through the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs, in each province or regency / city. Although Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is driving the nation's economy, but in reality many of the problems SMEs are still entangled. The main thing to note is the ability of SMEs to access a wider market. Because of the ability to change and adapt to a changing environment will determine the existence of small businesses in the nation's economy. In the end, the existence of small businesses that have high competitiveness will strengthen the nation's economy as a whole. Thus, in this study will use an appropriate technology tools that can provide assistance in introducing products through internet and increase sales in each SME This study uses a sample of students at the State University of Malang that can make a significant contribution in the small and medium businesses that are being initiated by students.

Keywords: Small Medium Enterprise, Internet Marketing, Sales Improvement

[1] Bailey, Matt, Internet Marketing: An Hour a Day (Sybex, 2011)
[2] Chaffe, Dave, Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice (4th Edition), (Prentice Hall, 2009)
[3] Hodell, Chunk, SMEs From the Ground Up (ASTD-Press, 2013).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Filtering Techniques to reduce Speckle Noise and Image Quality Enhancement methods on Satellite Images
Country	:	India
Authors	:	K.M. Sharavana Raju, Mohammad Shahnawaz Nasir, T. Meera Devi
	:	10.9790/0661-1541015

Abstract: Noise in images is the vital factor which degrades the quality of the images. Reducing noise from the satellite images, medical images etc., is a challenge for the researchers in digital image processing. Several approaches are there for noise reduction. Generally speckle noise is commonly found in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images and medical images. This research paper put forward some of the filtering techniques for the removal of speckle noise from the satellite images, which enhances the quality of the images. Although many filters are available for speckle reduction, some filters are best suited for SAR images are used for which the statistical parameters are calculated for the output images obtained from all the filters. The statistical measures SNR, PSNR, RMSE and CoC are compared. The output images corresponding to the best statistical values are displayed along with the filters name and corresponding values of the statistical measures.

Keywords: Filters, Speckle noise reduction, Image enhancement, Satellite images, Statistical measures.

[1] J. W. Goodman, "Some fundamental properties of speckle," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1145–1149, 1976.

[2] M. P.Wachowiak, R. Smolikova, J. M. Zurada, and A. S. Elmaghraby, "Estimation of K-distribution parameters using neural networks," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 617–620, Jun. 2002.

[3] J. M. Park, W. J. Song, and W. A. Pearlman, "Speckle filtering of sar images based on adaptive windowing," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Vis. Image Signal Process., vol. 146, no. 4, 1999.

[4] Yongjian Yu, Janelle A. Molloy and Scott T. Acton "Generalized Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion for Ultrasound Imagery", 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2004, pages: 279- 284

[5] C. B. Burckhardt, "Speckle in ultrasound b-mode scans," IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason., vol. SU-25, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 1978.

[6] Y. Yu and S. T. Acton, "Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1260–1270, Nov. 2002.

[7] Scott T. Acton, "De-convolution speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2005, Vol.1, pages: I- 5-8

[8] A. Achim, E.E. Kuruoglu and J. Zerubia, " SAR image filtering based on the heavy – tailed Rayleigh model", IEEE Trans. Image Process., Vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 2686-2693, Sept. 2006.