iosr-JCE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: This paper deals with the comparisons of various filters such as fuzzy based filters and discrete wavelet based filters and continuous wavelet based filters, and adaptive median filters based on homogeneity level information .One of the difficult tasks in the image processing is the removal of impulse noise such as random valued impulse noise and salt and pepper noise .Different type of noise removal filters can be implemented based on current technology. In this paper the comparison of the filter efficiency can be done by the help of the factors such as MSE,PSNR .The result comparisons of different filters are implemented by the help of MATHLAB Keywords: Adaptive median filter, continuous wavelet filter. discrete wavelet filters, fuzzy based filter, salt and pepper noise,

[1] J. Astola and P. Kuosmanen, Fundamentals of Nonlinear Digital Filtering. Boca Raton, CRC, 1997.

[2] T. Chen and H. R. Wu, ―Space variant median filters for the restoration of impulse noise corrupted images,‖ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, 48 (2001), pp. 784–789.

[3] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001; and Book Errata Sheet (July 31, 2003), http://www.imageprocessingbook.com/downloads/errata sheet.htm.

[4] K.P. Soman and K.I. Ramachandran, ―Insight into Wavelets from Theory to Practice‖.

[5] K. K. V. Toh, H. Ibrahim, and M. N. Mahyuddin,―Salt-and-pepper noise detection and reduction using fuzzy switching median filter,‖ IEEE Trans. ConsumerElectron., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1956–1961, Nov. 2008.

[6] Farzam Farbiz, Mohammad Bager Menhaj, Seyed A. Motamedi, and Martin T. Hagan, ―A new Fuzzy Logic Filter for image Enhancement‖ IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, And Cybernetics—Part B: Cybernetics, Vol. 30, No. 1, February 2000

[7] Robert D. Nowak, ―Wavelet Based Rician Noise Removal‖, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,vol. 8, no. 10, pp.1408, October 1999.

[8] Geoffrine Judith.M.C1 and N.Kumarasabapathy, "STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF IMPULSE NOISE REDUCTION FILTERS", Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal(SIPIJ) Vol.2, No.1, pp. 82-92,March 2011

Abstract: Forest fires have a detrimental impact on economy and environment. The rapid distribution of the fire could cause many causalities and a lot of effort is required to control. To overcome this problem it is highly important to detect forest fire before it spread its wing on the surroundings. Till to date, many of the approaches like smoke velocity distribution, usage of sensors, sounding systems and usage of thermal images have been applied in forest surveillance and found to be ineffective. In this paper, we present an improved system for identification of forest fire by using land surface temperature satellite imagery. From these images an analysis is carried out to identify the mean wavelengths of abnormal temperature distribution when compared to the surroundings on a small region and the mean wavelength for forest fires exceeds 10.14 from the experimentation. If the mean wavelength is beyond 10.14, it is treated as no forest fire. This approach uses k-mean clustering and haar wavelet, resulting an average accuracy rate of 89.5 %.

Keywords: Forest fire, Haar wavele, Image processing, k-means clustering, Surface temperature satellite imagery, Temperature scale.

[1] Jerome Vicente and Philippe Guillemant, "An image processing technique for automatically detecting forest fire," International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2002, pp.1113–1120.
[2] L. Giglio, J. Kendall and C.O. Justice, "Evaluation of global fire detection algorithms using simulated AVHRR data," International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1999, pp. 1947–1986.
[3] T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Kiefer, "Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation," 4th Edition, Wiley, New York, 2000.
[4] T. Hame and Y. Rauste, "Multitemporal satellite data in forest mapping and fire monitoring," EARSeL Advanced Remote Sensing, 1995, pp.93–101.
[5] M.D Flannigan and T.H. Vonder Haar, "Forest Fire Monitoring Using Noaa Satellite Avhrr," Candian Journal Of Forest Research., 1986, pp.975-982.

Abstract: A Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a network, self-configuring, proficient of self-directed functioning, quickly deployable and operates without infrastructure. MANET operates without any centralized administration. The nodes are self configuring, independent, quickly deployable. Nodes are movable since topology is dynamic and they have restricted computing resources. We know that routing protocols make an important role for improving Quality of Service (QoS) in Mobile Ad hoc Network. The reactive AODV routing faces problems like long route, time delay, mobility and many other while routing. In this work the quality of AODV routing protocol has been improved to enhance the routing capability. In this paper the performance of normal AODV routing protocol are improves on the basis of QoS. Here we consider the particular TTL Value and dynamic threshold value for established the connection in long route and also measure the varying queue length technique by that if the node buffer size is full then no packet is drop form queue, it means the size of queue is varying according to data. The dynamic TTL value established the connection with long route receiver and the varying queue minimizes the packet loss. The quality of Routing protocols should integrate QoS metrics in route finding and maintenance, to support end-to-end QoS. The performance of improves AODV protocol is measures on the basis of performance metrics.

Keywords: MANET, QoS, TTL, AODV, Queue length.

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[2] C.Perkins, "Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing", RFC3561[S], 2003.
[3] D.B.Johnson, D.A.Maltz, Y.C.Hu, "The Dynamic Source Routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks",Internet Draft, 2004.
[4] J.Hong, "Efficient on-demand routing for mobile ad hoc wireless access networks", IEEE journal on selected Areas in Communications 22(2004), 11-35.
[5] Luo Junhai, Xue Lie and Ye Danxia "Research on multicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks" Computer Networks52(2008), 988-997.
[6] J. Punde, N. Pissinou, and K. Makki, "On quality of service routing in ad-hoc networks," in Proc. of LCN'03, pp. 276–278, Oct. 2003.
[7] N. Wang and J. Chen, "A Stable On-Demand Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks withWeight-Based Strategy," IEEE PDCAT'06, pp. 166–169, Dec. 2006.
[8] J. Lian., L. Li., and X. Zhu., "A Multi-Constraint QoS Routing Protocol with Route Request Selection Based on Mobile Predictibg in MANET," IEEE CISW'07, pp. 342–345, Dec. 2007.
[9] D. Kim., J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, K. Obraczka, J.-C. Cano, and P. Manzoni, "Routing mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks based on the energy drain rate," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 161–173, 2003.
[10] Omkumar. S., Rajalakshmi. S." Analysis of Quality of Service using Distributed Coordination Function in Aodv", European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.58 No.1, pp.6-10, 2011