iosr-JCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a multipath routing protocol in wireless mesh networks. In this protocol, the source discovers multiple paths to the destination using parallel layer based approach. This approach organizes the nodes and discovers multiple paths using breadth first search algorithm. From multiple paths, the primary path is elected using Expected Forwarding Counter (EFW) metric. We evaluate quality linked based in our approach using network simulator 2 (NS-2). Our approach discovers multiple paths effectively and the elected primary path is more reliable. The approach makes use of Expected Forwarding Counter (EFW) metric to elect the primary path. We have evaluated the protocol using NS-2. The results show that the proposed protocol attains more throughput and packet delivery ratio with reduced packet drop and delay.

Keywords: Breadth first search (BFS), Expected Forwarding Counter (EFW), Network simulator 2 (NS-2), Wireless mesh networks (WMNs).

[1] Hassnaa Moustafa, Usman Javaid, Tinku Mohamed Rasheed, "A Panorama onWireless MeshNetworks: Architectures, Applications and Technical Challenges". Proceedings of Wimeshnets 2006, Waterloo, Canada, 2006.

[2] Md. Arafatur Rahman, Farhat Anwar, and Md. Saiful Azad, "Integrated Metric-Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector: A Routing Protocol over Wireless Mesh Networks" Journal of Computer Science, vol.5, No.7, pp.511-518, 2009.

[3] Ian F. Akyildiz, Xudong Wang, "A Survey on Wireless Mesh Networks", IEEE Radio Communications, pp.525-530, 2005

[4] Bruno, R., Conti, M. & Gregori, E, "Mesh networks: commodity multihop ad hoc networks", IEEE Communications Magazine 43, pp. 123-131, 2005

[5] Yaling Yang, Jun Wang, Robin Kravets, " Designing routing metrics for mesh networks" IEEE- WiMesh, 2010.

[6] Baumann, R., Heimlicher, S., Lenders, " Routing Packets into Wireless Mesh Networks", Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing Networking and Communications, WiMob, 2007 [7] Akyildiz, I.F., Wang, X. & Wang, W. "Wireless mesh networks: a survey" Computer Networks 47, pp. 445-487, 2005.

[8] Mohsenian-Rad, A.H. & Wong, " Joint logical topology design, interface assignment, channel allocation, and routing for multi-channel wireless mesh networks", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, 2007

[9] Yong Ding, Yang and Li Xiao, "Multi-Path Routing and Rate Allocation for Multi-Source Video On-Demand Streaming in Wireless Mesh Networks" IEEE INFOCOM-2011

[10] Chun-Wei Chen and Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, "Gateway Zone Multi-path Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks", Proceedings of ACM 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, (UIC '07), Pages 350 – 359, 2007

Abstract: With the advent of lots of multimedia instruments in today's world peoples are clicking lots of Picture of theirs and also trying to preserve their past pictures. As the time goes on those pictures got damaged. Image inpainting is technique which tries to recover such images which are damaged. Inpainting is an art of modifying the digital image in such a way that the modifications/alterations are undetectable to an observer who has no idea about the original image. Image Inpainting is used to filling the region which are damaged and want to recover from unwanted object by collecting the information from the more promising neighbouring pixels which will add details to the image such that image have close resemblance to the original image and we are not able to differentiate between original image and the inpainted image. In this paper we are trying to study various technique of image inpainting, where the authors used the multiresoultion technique, wavelet transform, counterlet transform, fragment based image completition etc. to complete the image. We also discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of that technique with respect to efficiency and time limit. Keywords: Image Inpainting, multiresoultion, neighboring pixels, undetectable, wavelet transform.

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[3] D. Iddo, C. O. Daniel, and Y. Hezy, "Fragment Based Image Completion," ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2003, 22(3) 303-312.
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[6] A, Criminisi, P. Perez, and K. Toyama, "Region filling and object removal by exemplar-based image inpainting," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2004, 13(9) 1200-1212.
[7] Dongwook cho and Tien D. Bui "Image Inpainting Using Wavelet-Based Inter-and Intra-Scale Depedency" IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2008.
[8] M. Elad, J.L. Starck, P. Querre, and D.L. Donoho, "Simultaneous Cartoon and texture image inpainting using morphological component analysis (MCA) ," Journal on Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, 340-358, 2005.
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[10] Z. Xu and S. Jian, "Image inpainting by patch propagation using patch sparsity," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 19, Pp. 1153-1165, 2010.

Abstract: In the area of digital image processing content based image retrieval (CBIR) is one of the most popular, researches raising area. Many tools like Google, Yahoo & other used textual annotation of images. The principle work that was done by CBIR is to extract visual content of image intuitively like color, shape & texture. Additionally sketch based image retrieval system (SBIR) is also plays very imperative role within the content based image retrieval system (CBIR). The system including problem & challenges concerned with design and constitution of content based image retrieval system. The vital objective that holds the information gap between a sketch & color image we have to design & appliance task specific descriptor. The system states that a description about a possible solution for the implementation of descriptor to carry a special sequence of altering the steps of the reconstruction of full color image sketch can be compared. For the preparation of gallery can take a shop images with possible application for forensic sketch identical images.

Keywords: Sketch-based image retrieval, Image databases, Image descriptors, CBIR, SBIR.

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