iosr-JCE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

Abstract: The Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is a serious threat to the legitimate use of the Internet. Prevention mechanisms are thwarted by the ability of attackers to forge or spoof the source addresses in IP packets. By employing IP spoofing, attackers can evade detection and put a substantial burden on the destination network for policing attack packets. In this paper, we propose an inter-domain packet filter (IDPF) architecture that can mitigate the level of IP spoofing on the Internet. A key feature of our scheme is that it does not require global routing information. IDPFs are constructed from the information implicit in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route updates and are deployed in network border routers.

[1]. H. Aljifri, M.Smets and A.P. Pons.IP traceback using header compression.Computer &Swcurity, Feb.2003.
[2]. F. Baker and P. Savola, INgress filtering for multihomednerworks, RFC 3704, Mar.2004.
[3]. P.Ferguson and D.Senie. Networking ingress filtering: Defeating denial of service attacks which employ IP source address spoofing. RFC 2827,May 2000
Books:
[4]. "Atulkahate", "Cryptography and network security", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi 2003.
[5]. "Elliote Rusty Harod(1998)", "Java Networking Programming", Galgotia Publications.

Abstract: In this study we to aim to present an overview of features of snake robots and their application across various fields. Snakes is blessed with a unique feature of moving over or climbing all most all kind of terrains, rough, muddy, watery, narrow cracks, tall trees and this unique mobility feature have inspired the creation of 'Snake Robots'. Snake robots can work as a wonder to reach challenging and cluttered environments where it is impossible or too dangerous or narrow for human beings to operate. Snake robot is an innovation that has a great scope in India. Snake robots, thus, holds a lot in future and great scope for India. Snake robots can be used in various fields like agriculture, sanitation, fire fighting, surveillance and maintenance of complex and possibly dangerous structures or systems such as nuclear plants or pipelines, intelligent services, media, exploration, research, education, military, disaster management, and rescue & search operations.

[1]. S. Hirose. Biologically Inspired Robots: Snake-Like Locomotors and Manipulators. Oxford University Press, 1993
[2]. P. Liljebäck, "Modular snake-robot: Modeling, implementation and control of a modular and pressure based snake-robot," Master's thesis, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway, 2004, Norwegian.
[3]. Pal Liljeback, Kristin Y. Pettersen, Oyvind Stavdahl, Jan Tommy Gravdahl, "Snake Robot Locomotion in Environments with Obstacles", IEEE/ASME Trans. On Mechatronics, December 2012, Vol. 17, No. 6, Pg. 1158-1169
[4]. Kevin J. Dowling, "Limbless Locomotion: Learning to Crawl with a Snake Robot", Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 1997.
[5]. S. Hirose, A. Morishima, "Design and control of a mobile robot with an articulated body", International Journal of Advanced Robotics, 19909, pp 99-114.
[6]. Blessy Mariam Markose, Harshitha Loke "Intelligent vision based snake robot", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, eISSN: 2319-1163, pISSN: 2321-7308.

Abstract: The vast repository of informational databases i.e. Web is available to the user in the form of textual documents. It's a challenge to develop an effective information retrieval approach that can ease the user search and increases the visibility of search. Genetic Algorithm based approach has been implemented to increase the visibility of search by expanding the query using Jaccard similarity function as fitness function. The step by step implementation of genetic algorithm for one generation has been explained in the paper and the experiment was repeated for 500 generations to obtain optimum keywords out of which the best suited keyword was considered for expanding the query. The effectiveness of the approach has been experimentally evaluated on manually created training data of retrieved documents for formulated queries using the Google search engine.

Keywords: Information Retrieval, Search Engine Visibility, Similarity Function, Genetic Algorithm

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[4] R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribiero-Neto, Modern information retrieval (Addison Wesley, New York, 1999).
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[6] C. Lopez-Pujalte, V.P. Guerrero-Bote and F. Moya-Anegon, A Test of Genetic Algorithms in Relevance Feedback, Information Processing and Management, 38(6), pages 795-807, 2002.