IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: Relevant costing is a management accounting term that relates to focus on only the cost relevant to a specific decision being made. Irrelevant costs are excluded from any incremental decision-making problem because they are supposed to have equal effects on all the available alternatives ( Dillon, R. D. and, J. F. Nash, 1978). This study adopts an observation of quantitative method with primary and secondary data in view of the nature of the analysis. Relevant costing is often used in short-term decision-making and a number of specific practical examples are illustrated in this study. This study has designed to make the aim of assessing the level of perceptions of four areas such as (i) making and buying; (ii) dropping or retaining a segment; (iii) constrained resources; and (iv) special orders; in using relevant costing in Ready-Made Garments (RMGs) industry of Bangladesh. To meet this aim total 100 companies as a sample from Ready-Made Garments (RMGs) industry have been randomly selected. By using variance analysis, authors have found that all four factors have significant influence in using relevant costing. Last, the result of this study suggested that the strengthening the decision-making mechanism required a strong relevant costing benefits and its proper application.

Keywords: Relevant costing, Constrained Resources, and Ready-Made Garments (RMGs) Industry etc.

[1]. Arora, M.N. (2008). Cost Accounting. (3rd edition) Noida: Vikas Publication House.
[2]. Atkinson, Anthony A., Kaplan Robert S., Young Mark S. (2008). Management Accounting.(6th Edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.
[3]. Dillon, R. D. and J. F. Nash. (1978). The true relevance of relevant costs. The Accounting Review, Vol. 53, No. 1: pp 11-17.
[4]. Drury, C. (2004).Management and cost accounting, (6th Edition). Thomson, London.
[5]. Emile Woolf (2011). Performance Management. (2nd edition). Berkshire: Emile Woolf Publishing Company. (Chapter- 7), pp: 129- 139.
[6]. Fess, P. E. (1963). The relevant costing concept for income measurement - Can it be defended? The Accounting Review (October): pp 723-732.

Abstract: Despite challenges, women in Akwa Ibom State have contributed meaningfully to poverty reduction and economic development of the state. Women entrepreneurs are engaged in different sectors of the economy. About 37% are in agriculture, 26.8% in trade, 18.5% in services and 4.8% in entertainment. However, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between skilled and unskilled women entrepreneurs in their contributions to improved economy of the state (improved family income, improved standard of living etc). But their contribution to level of patriotism was below cut-off point. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between women entrepreneurs in factors militating against their performance in MSMEs. Factor such as financial/start-up capital, cultural/religious barriers, legal problems, competition and poor infrastructure significantly militate against the performance of skilled and unskilled entrepreneurship in the state. This calls for strategic support from government, private organizations and individuals to enable women perform optimally and contribute more to the economic development of Akwa Ibom State.

Key words: Women Entrepreneurship, Micro, Small And Medium-Scale Enterprises, Akwa Ibom State.

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[2]. Bates, T. (2000). Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity. Reviewof Economics and Statistics, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 551-559.
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[4]. Brodzinski, C. and Wiebe, L. (2010). Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. Contribution to GDP in Nominal terms.
[5]. Gemechis Tefera. (2007).Attitude Of College Students Towards Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Addis Ababa University and Rift Valley University College. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Unpublished Thesis

Abstract: This research paper focus on exploring the status of awareness & satisfactory levels of various provisions of Indian Factories act, 1948 in the target organisation 'Penna Cement Industries Limited' located at Tadipatri in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. The paper initially describes the background of Labour Legislation in India and its classification. The need, importance and objectives of the research is than stated followed by the Literature review that briefs the important provisions of the Factories Act pertaining to Labour and the Industry & Company profile where the research is conducted.

[1]. http://www.ibef.org/industry/cement-india.aspx
[2]. Agarwala (2004). From ‗Work to Welfare: The State and Informal Workers "Organizations in India. American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois
[3]. Frieda Fuchs(2005). The Effects of Protective Labor Legislation on Women"s Wages and Welfare: Lessons from Britain and France. Journal of Politics & Society December 2005 vol. 33 no. 4 595-636
[4]. John (2004). Social Security and Labour Welfare with Special Reference to Construction Workers in Kerala. Kerala Research Program on Local Level Development, paper no 65. Kwong-leung Tang
[5]. Chau-kiu Cheung (2007). Program Effectiveness in Activating Welfare Recipients to Work: The Case of Hong Kong. Social Policy & Administration ISSN 0144–5596 Vol. 41, No. 7