IOSR-JAP   Volume-12 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2020

ABSTRACT: Naturally occurring radioactive materials are widely spread in the earth's environment, being distributed in soil, rocks, water, air, plants and even within the human body. All of these sources have contributed to an increase in the levels of environmental radioactivity and population radiation doses. This paper presents the activity level due to the presence of226Ra,232Th and40K in soil samples of Naushera area in Rajouri District. The measured activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in collected soil samples ofNausheraregion was found to vary from 13±10 to 55±10 Bq kg-1, 14±9 to 101±13 Bq kg-1 and 150±81 to 1310±154 Bq kg-1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity in collected soil samples was found to vary from 47 to 211 Bq kg-1. The total absorbed gamma dose rate in this area was found to vary from 22 to 93 nGyh-1. The distribution of these radionuclides in the soil of study area is discussed in details.

Key Words: Radionuclides, soil samples, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K

[1]. Porstendorfer, J., Butterweck, G. and Reineking, A.Daily variation of the radon concentration indoors andoutdoors and the influence of meteorological parameters. Health Phys. 67, 283 - 287 (1994).
[2]. United Nations Scientific Committee of the Effect ofAtomic Radiation. Sources, Effects and Risks of IonizingRadiations. UN Publications (1993).
[3]. Yadav, M., Rawat, M., Dangwal, A., Prasad, M., Gusain,G. S. and Ramola, R. C. Levels and effects of naturaradionuclides in soil samples of Rajouri Himalaya.J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 302, 869-873 (2014).
[4]. Shanbhag, A. A., Sartandel, S. J., Ramachandran, T. V.and Puranik, V. D. Natural radioactivity concentrations in beach sands of Ratnagiri coast, Maharastra. J. Assoc. Environ. Geochem. 8, 304 - 308 (2005).
[5]. National Council on Radiation Protection andMeasurement. Natural Background Radiation in theUnited States. NCRP report. No. 45 (1975)..

ABSTRACT: Résumé La température se présente comme une manifestation de l'énergie cinétique moyenne de translation des molécules d'une substance, due à l'agitation calorifique. Elle est une traduction à l'échelle macroscopique d'un état énergétique de la matière à l'échelle microscopique. Ses valeurs revêtent un intérêt particulier du fait qu'elles soient quelques fois liées à une situation à "risque" pouvant générer des phénomènes exceptionnels souvent dommageables tels que les vagues de chaleur, les éruptions volcaniques, ... C'est ainsi que l'Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) mesure les températures des fissures du volcan Nyiragongo à l'aide des capteurs thermiques.....

[1]. Alain PAVE et Claudine SCHMIDT, (2008), La modélisation au coeur de la démarche scientifique et à la confluence des disciplines, article, Lyon.
[2]. B. ABERRAHMANI et al. (2015),Analyse et Modélisation des extrêmes de température au niveau de quelques stations types du Nord-Ouest Algérien, article scientifique
[3]. BAHAYA B. Siméon, (2013), Modélisation des températures des fissures volcaniques et des données météorologiques autour du volcan Nyiragongo dans le Rift Est Africain, Mémoire DEA, Faculté des sciences, Département de Physique, Université Pédagogique National (UPN), Kinshasa, RDCongo.
[4]. Célestin MAHINDA, (2017), L'éruption aura lieu sans qu'on sache quand, dans journal le monde.
[5]. Claude GRASLAND, (2000), Cours d'initiation aux méthodes statistiques en Sciences sociales, université, Paris VII

ABSTRACT: In this work we present the solution of the Dirac equation with sine and cosine functions as extensions. In both cases, we find the same probability distribution which is a continuous spatial function with locally bound states. It is also observed that the particle has periodic momentum. It is expected from this work that the equation will have applications in condensed matter physics and nanophysics

Keywords: Modified Dirac equation, Space dependent probability, periodic momentum, Gaussian probability

[1]. S. T. Park, "Propagation of a relativistic electron wave packet in the dirac equation," Physical Review A, , p. 062105, 2012.
[2]. P. Strange, "Angular momentum of a relativistic wave packet," Physical Review A, vol. 96, no. 5, p. 052103, 2017.
[3]. Q. Zhang and J. Gong, "Perfect zitterbewegung oscillations in the," Physical Review A, vol. 93, no. 3, p. 032 117, 2016.
[4]. I. Bialynicki-Birula and Z. Bialynicka-Birula, "Relativistic electron wave packets carrying angular momentum," Physical review letters, vol. 118, no. 11, p. 114801, 2017.
[5]. B. Sutherland and D. C. Mattis, "Ambiguities with the relativistic d-function potential," Physical Review A, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 1194, 1981..

ABSTRACT:The annual activity concentrations of radiation exposure dose rate from dumpsites in the area of Tin Mining companies in Jos metropolis were measured using a portable radiation meter (Scientific Rad G-10). The activity
concentration of radiation exposure dose rate obtained in area through radiation meter revealed that the dumpsites record mean annual radiation dose rate of 4220.54+48.44S / yr in 2019. This mean value is
higher than the average natural radiation in some cities in Nigeria and the Nigeria mean terrestrial annual effective dose equivalent of 0.29mSv/yr; (1990) recommended terrestrial dose to the public (1mSv/yr) and
UNSCEAR standard of 2.4mSv/yr. Due to high radiation dose rate in the area, radiation related illness is likely to be public found among the inhabitant of Jos City. Environmental radioactivity sensitization programme is
therefore recommended to create awareness on the possible health effects and to provide information that will assist/guide radiation protection scientist and environmental/radioactive waste managers on the appropriate
waste management strategies.

Keyword: Mining terrestrial, Dose rates, Health &Environmental Effect

[1]. AAPM (1992). Report of the Biological Effect Committee of the American Association of Physicist in Medicine and Biology Published by American Institute of Physics. New York, USA (3rd Edition).
[2]. Ademola, J. A. (2008). Exposure to high background radiation level in the tin mining area of Jos Plateau. J. Radial Prot. 28:93-99.
[3]. Ajayi, T.R, Torto, N., Tohokossa, P., and Akinlua, A. (2009). Natural Radioactivity and Trace metals in crude oil; Implications for Health Environment Geochem Health, 31, 81-69.
[4]. Avwiri, G.O., Olatubosun, S.A. (2014). Assessment of Environmental Radioactivity In Selected Dumpsites In Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
[5]. Glowoik, B. J. and Pa Onya, J. M. (1980). Radiation dosed & to atmospheric release from coal fired power plants. Health phys Vol. 16. 23-28..