IOSR-JAP   Volume-6 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determination of electron and hole effective masses in thermal oxide utilizing an n-channel silicon MOSFET
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ravi Kumar Chanana
	:	10.9790/4861-06310107

ABSTRACT: The gate tunnelling electron current and the substrate hole current obtained from carrier separation in an n-channel Si MOSFET are used to determine the parabolic electron and hole effective masses in the thermal oxide. The oxide voltages for electron and hole conduction in the n-MOSFET in inversion are formulated, and the carrier effective masses of 0.42m for electron and 0.58m for hole for a free Fermi gas model of carriers at the emitting electrode are determined using the Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling characteristics. These carrier masses are related to the band offsets in SiO2/Si<100> MOS devices accurately through the MOSFET model for the first time.

[1]. H.S.Chang, H.D.Yang, H.Hwang, H.M.Cho, H.J.Lee andD.W.Moon, "Measurement of the physical and electrical thickness of ultrathin gate oxides", J.Vac.Sci.Technol., vol. 20,pp. 1836-1842, Sep. 2002.
[2]. R.K. Chanana, "Determination of hole effective mass in SiO2 and SiC conduction band offset using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling characteristics across metal-oxide-semiconductor structures after applying oxide field corrections", J. of Applied Physics, vol. 109, pp. 104508-1 to -6, May 2011.
[3]. M. Lenzlinger and E.H. Snow, "Fowler-Nordheim tunneling into thermally grown SiO2", J. of Applied Physics, vol. 40, pp. 278-283, Jan. 1969.
[4]. R.B. Laughlin, "Optical absorption edge of SiO2", Physical Review B, vol. 22, pp. 3021-3029, Sep. 1980.
[5]. V.V. Afanasev, "Valence band offset and hole injection at the 4H-, 6H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 77, pp. 2024-2026, Sep. 2000.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Aberrated Edge imaging with annular apertures
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. Narsaiah, M.Venkanna, D. Karuna Sagar
	:	10.9790/4861-06310812

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we have studied the aberrated images of coherently illuminated straight edge objects with annular aperture in the presence of apodisation. The analytical studies were made for annular apertures apodised with Shaded aperture under the influence of defocus and primary spherical aberrations. The effect of aperture obscuration and apodisation on the edge ringing and peak intensity has been considered.

Key words: Aberrations, Annular aperture, Coherence, Edge objects, imaging systems.

[1]. G. B. Parrent, Jr. and T. J. Skinner, Opt. Acta 8, 93 (1961).
[2]. R. A. Shore, Proc. of the Symposium on ETA, Copenhagen, Denmark, p. 787 (Pergamon, London, 1963).
[3]. W. T. Cathey, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1035 (1965).
[4]. R. A. Shore, B. J. Thompson, and R. E. Whitney, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 733 (1966).
[5]. J. G. Meadors, Opt. Acta 12, 379 (1965).
[6]. R. A. Shore, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 1484 (1968).
[7]. K. Singh and H. S. Dhillon, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 397 (1969).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Different Current Densities in the studies of1/f noise on the thin films of Silver
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.Victor Vedanayakam, D. Punyaseshudu
	:	10.9790/4861-06311319

ABSTRACT: Silver (Ag) thin films are having remarkable characteristics. They have found extensive applications in electronic and optical devices. Silver thin films have potential applications in ultra-high density optical non-volatile memories, transparent electrodes and in fluorescence imaging. Measurements of nonlinear properties are very interesting from the point of the view of optoelectronic and all optical switches. Hence these films are studied in the present work. 1/f noise and nonlinear effects in Silver thin films for different current densities on varying the thickness of the films, at room temperature are studied. The specific dependence of 1/f noise on the thickness of the film, the effect of current densities on 1/f noise for the films of various thicknesses (430Ao to 1180Ao) has been investigated. It is noticed that, for a constant current, the thickness of the film leads to an increase of 1/f noise.1/f noise plays an important role in choosing frequency band in which a device can be effectively used. Silver thin films are regarded as a material with many attracting properties such as good conduction, high transmission coefficient etc. It is specially used in optoelectronic devices.

Key Words: 1/f noise, , Ag film, FFT, Current densities, frequency band, γ value, etc.

[1]. A. Van der Ziel, In: Proc. of the Symposium on 1/f Fluctuations, I. Int. Conf. on 1/f Noise, ed. by T. Musha (Tokyo Institute of Technology Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1977), p 1.
[2]. C.M. Van Vliet // Solid State Electron. 34 (1991) 1.
[3]. D.S. Campbell, In: The Use of Thin films in Physical Investigations, ed. by J.C. Anderson (Academic Press, London - New York, 1965), p. 299.
[4]. F.N. Hooge // Physica B+C 114 (1982) 391.
[5]. A. Goswami, Thin Film Fundamentals (New Age International Publisher, New-Delhi, 1966).
[6]. L.I. Maissel, In: Hand Book of Thin Film Technology, ed. by L.I. Maissel, R. Glang (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970).
[7]. John G. Proakis, Dimitrtis G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Application (Prentice Hall, 1995).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determining The Diameter Of Erythrocyte By Means Of Manual Laser
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Petar V. Vuca, Kikinda
	:	10.9790/4861-06312021

ABSTRACT: The article gives instructions on carrying out the school experiment with laser light. Numerical value of the diameter of erythrocyte has been determined.

[1]. R. Krsnik. Suvremene ideje u metodici nastave fizike. Školska knjiga. Zagreb,2008 (R. Krsnik, Modern Ideas in Methodics of Teaching Physics, Školska knjiga, Zagreb,2008)
[2]. I. Janjić. Fizika II deo Novi Sad 1971 Janjić, Physics, Part 2, Novi Sad, 1971)
[3]. Kvant. Naučno-popularni fizičko-matematički žurnal. 1989 (Kvant, Popular Science Journal of Physics and Mathematics,1989)
[4]. J. Simović, D. Koledin. Praktikum iz biofizike, Medicinska knjiga. Beograd-Zagreb, 1991
[5]. (J. Simović, D. Koledin, Book of Exercises in Biophysics, Medicinska knjiga, Belgrade-Zagreb, 1991)
[6]. C. Ramakrishna Rao, Kaleemed Jaleeli 1, B.S. Bellubbi1 &Adeel Ahmad1