IOSR-JAP   Volume-4 ~ Issue-3 ~ July–August 2013

Abstract: The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. Considering deeply the effect of Special relativity in Electromagnetism, when a charge particle moves with high speed as comparable to the speed of light in vacuum tube or in space under influence of electromagnetic field, its mass varies under Lorentz transformation [1].The question arises that does its charge vary under Lorentz transformation? In this paper, Asif's equation of charge variation demonstrates the variation of electric charge under Lorentz transformation. The more sophisticated view of electromagnetism expressed by electromagnetic fields in moving inertial frame can be achieved by considering some relativistic effect including charge as well. One can easily achieve the mass-energy relation from Asif's equation of charge variation as proved in this paper.

[1]. Einstein, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies (1905)," in A. Einstein and F. A. Davis, The Principle of Relativity, London, Dover, 1952
[2]. J. C. Maxwell, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field (1865)," in W. D. Niven (ed.), The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, New York, Dover.
[3]. Purcell, Edward M. "Electricity and magnetism". Cambridge University Press, 1985.
[4]. Yuen, C.K " Lorentz transformation of thermodynamics quantities". American Journal of Physics, 1970.
[5]. A. Einstein, Relativity – "The Special and the General Theory". New York, Crown, 1961.
[6]. Frank J. Blatt." Modern Physics". United State of America Press. 1992, pp. 34-35

Abstract: Triglycine Sulphate (TGS) salts were synthesized. Calcium and lanthanum doped TGS crystals were grown from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation technique. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity measurement were carried out at various temperature ranging from 30°C to 120°C at different frequencies, the variation of dielectric constant with temperature and frequency were studied and it is found that the dielectric constant values decreases with increase in frequency and the AC conductivity increases with increase in frequency.

Keyword: TGS, Dielectric constant, rare earth ,AC conductivity

[1] D.Sun, X.Yu, Q.Gu, cryst.,Res.Technol.34(1999),1255.

[2] T.Krajewski, T. Breczewki, Ferroelectrics 25 (1980) 547

[3] E.A. Wood, AN.Holden, Acta crystallogr.10(1957) 145

[4] H.Newman, H.Budzier, Ferroelectics 133(1992( 41)

[5] Stakowska.J., Peter.E., Trybula.M, Acta Physica polonica,97,(2000),1061-72.

[6] Mikhnevich.v.v, Kashevich.I.V., Sov.Tech. Physics, 18,(1992),43-5

[7] Muralidharan.R, Mohan Kumar.R, Ushasree.P.M, Jayavel.R, Ramasamy.P., J.cryst. Growth 234, (2002),545-50 [8] K.Balasubramanian , Recent research in scholar and Technology 2010,2(3);06-13

[9] P.Manoharan, N.Neelakanda pillai, Archives of Physics Research, 2013, 4 (2), 22-25

[10] N.Neelakanda Pillai,C.K.Mahadevan, Mater.Manuf.Processes 22 (2007) 393.

Abstract: Studies on the sensitivity of the electrical resistance and fabrication process of SnO2 doped WO3 nanometer materials for sensing applications are reported in details .Other properties such as reproducibility, aging and hysteresis were also recorded and found satisfactory. The sensing mechanism was discussed based on their annealing temperature, composition, crystallite size, surface area and porosity of the sensing element. In general, at low humidity, surface area and water adsorption plays the dominant role, while at high humidity, mesopore volume and capillary condensation become important. At the annealing temperature 600°C, sample 3 weight % of SnO2 doped WO3 nanocomposites have been prepared through solid-state reaction route, shows average sensitivity of 18.61 MΩ/%RH in the 15%-95% RH range, lower hysteresis, less effect of ageing and high reproducibility. It was observed that as resistance of the pellets continuously decreased when relative humidity in the chamber was increased from 15% to 95%. As calculated from Scherer's formula, crystallite size for the sensing elements of SnO2 doped WO3 are in 11–234 nm range, respectively.

Keywords: Sensor, Humidity, Adsorption, Hysteresis, Porous.

[1] D.Sun, X.Yu, Q.Gu, cryst.,Res.Technol.34(1999),1255.

[2] T.Krajewski, T. Breczewki, Ferroelectrics 25 (1980) 547

[3] E.A. Wood, AN.Holden, Acta crystallogr.10(1957) 145

[4] H.Newman, H.Budzier, Ferroelectics 133(1992( 41)

[5] Stakowska.J., Peter.E., Trybula.M, Acta Physica polonica,97,(2000),1061-72.

[6] Mikhnevich.v.v, Kashevich.I.V., Sov.Tech. Physics, 18,(1992),43-5

[7] Muralidharan.R, Mohan Kumar.R, Ushasree.P.M, Jayavel.R, Ramasamy.P., J.cryst. Growth 234, (2002),545-50 [8] K.Balasubramanian , Recent research in scholar and Technology 2010,2(3);06-13

[9] P.Manoharan, N.Neelakanda pillai, Archives of Physics Research, 2013, 4 (2), 22-25

[10] N.Neelakanda Pillai,C.K.Mahadevan, Mater.Manuf.Processes 22 (2007) 393.

Abstract: The objective of this work is to experimentally simulate a plume developing inside a horizontal tunnel. The experimental device used in this simulation is essentially constituted of a hot disk, a rectangular tunnel and a ventilation system. The hot disk is heated by Joule effect to a constant and uniform temperature, and placed inside the tunnel. The hot source generates a thermal plume. We first studied the evolution of the thermal plume without ventilation system. The study of the average and fluctuating thermal and dynamic fields shows three zones during the vertical evolution of the free plume. A first zone close to the source, serving to the plume supply in fresh air, is characterized by the apparition of three escapes of the thermal plume. Followed by a second zone where the main escape undergoes a contraction. Finally, a third zone where the thermal plume accumulates and undergoes a flow upstream named backlayering and a flow downstream that borders the ceiling to leave by the free part of the tunnel.

Keywords Fire plume, Fire tunnel, Thermal plume, turbulent natural convection.

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