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Abstract: This study seeks to determine the direction of causality between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG), using annual data from 1981 to 2009. In our empirical analysis, we run an ordinary least square test to verify the statistical significance of the variables used and augmented form of Granger causality test to identify the direction of the relationship between these variables in the short run. Empirical investigations reveal that two variables are statistically significant at 5% and these variables are gross fixed capital formation and total labour force and they are positively related to real GDP while other variables such as crude oil consumption, coal consumption are positively related to real GDP but not statistically significant. Total electricity consumption on its own exert a negative influence on real GDP and also not statistically significant.
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Key words: Energy consumption, Economic growth, electricity consumption, Nigeria.
Key words: Energy consumption, Economic growth, electricity consumption, Nigeria.
[1] Aqeel, A. and Butt, M. S. (2001). The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Development Journal 8(2): 101-109.
[2] Asafu-Adjaye, J (2000) "The relationship between energy consumption, energy Prices and economic growth: time series evidence from Asian developing countries‟. Energy Economics 22, 615-625
[3] Ayodele, A. S (2004). Improving and sustaining power (electricity) supply for socio economic development in Nigeria.
[4] Birol, F (2007). World energy prospects and challenges. Melbourne: Blackwell publishing.
[5] Central Bank of Nigeria (2000). The Changing Structure of the Nigerian Economy and Implications for development. Lagos: Realms Communications Ltd.
[6] Chontanawat S, Hunt L.C, Pierse R. (2006). Casualty between energy consumption and GDP. From 30 OECD and 78 Non – OECD comprises the survey Energy Economics Discussion paper series. ISSN 1749 – 8384.
[7] Community for research and development centre (2006). Renewable energy: The key to sustainable energy development in Nigeria.
[8] Cortright, J. (2001). New growth theory, technology and learning: A practitioner‟s guide. Portland: Impresa Inc.
[9] Energy information Administration (2007). Country analysis briefs: Nigeria. Retrieved on 12th November 2007 from www.eia.doe.gov
[10] Energy information Administration (2004). International energy Outlook, Highlights. Retrieved on 12th November 2007 from www.eia.doe.gov
[2] Asafu-Adjaye, J (2000) "The relationship between energy consumption, energy Prices and economic growth: time series evidence from Asian developing countries‟. Energy Economics 22, 615-625
[3] Ayodele, A. S (2004). Improving and sustaining power (electricity) supply for socio economic development in Nigeria.
[4] Birol, F (2007). World energy prospects and challenges. Melbourne: Blackwell publishing.
[5] Central Bank of Nigeria (2000). The Changing Structure of the Nigerian Economy and Implications for development. Lagos: Realms Communications Ltd.
[6] Chontanawat S, Hunt L.C, Pierse R. (2006). Casualty between energy consumption and GDP. From 30 OECD and 78 Non – OECD comprises the survey Energy Economics Discussion paper series. ISSN 1749 – 8384.
[7] Community for research and development centre (2006). Renewable energy: The key to sustainable energy development in Nigeria.
[8] Cortright, J. (2001). New growth theory, technology and learning: A practitioner‟s guide. Portland: Impresa Inc.
[9] Energy information Administration (2007). Country analysis briefs: Nigeria. Retrieved on 12th November 2007 from www.eia.doe.gov
[10] Energy information Administration (2004). International energy Outlook, Highlights. Retrieved on 12th November 2007 from www.eia.doe.gov
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Abstract:This work is based on the determination of 40K in samples of powdered milk consumed in Delta State and also a brief discussion of radioactivity transference from the environment to mankind. Ten samples of milk were collected and analyzed for radioactivity concentration. The measurements were performed using a Laboratory fluorimeter, Models CBS- 380. The results obtained for the milk sample were compared to world Health organization (WHO) standard to ensure its safety to human consumption and were found to be lower than the permissible limits. Thus, there is full confidence in consumption of these milk brands.
Keywords: Potassium – 40, Radionuclides,Radioactivity,Half life,Concentration
Keywords: Potassium – 40, Radionuclides,Radioactivity,Half life,Concentration
[1] Afshari Sarayegord N. Abbasisiar F., Abdolmaleki P., Ghaiassi Nejad M. (2009) : Environmental Radiation protection Division , National Radiation protection Department (NRPD)
[2] Akinloye M.K, J.B. (1999): Survey of Environmental Radiation Exposure around Obafemi Awolowo University Nuclear Research Facilities, Nig. J. Phy. 7:16-19.
[3] Allen, C.K (1999), A New Geographic of Nigeria Longman Publishing 65ff.
[4] Arogunjo A.M, Eyebiokin M.R, and Oboh G., Balogun F.A (2005): Activity Concentration and Absorbed Dose Equivalent of Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Ondo State, Nigeria Journal of Physics 17(s):87-191.
[5] Farai I.P, Oni O.M (2002): Natural Radionuclide concentration in Aquatic species and Absorbed dose Equivalent to the dwellers of the coastal area of Nigeria. Nig. Journal of phy. 14:94-97
[6] Fortune P., Brambilla M., Speroni F. (2004): Folia uptake of 137cs and 86sr in strawberry as function by leafage. Journal of Environmental radioactivity, 71:187-199
[7] Jibiri N.N, Farai I.P. (1998): Assessment of dose and collective effective dose equivalent due to terrestrial gamma radiation in the city of Lagos, Nigeria. Rad. Protect. Dosin. 76(3):191-194
[8] Melquiades F.L, Appoloni C.R (2004): Natural Radiation levels In powered milk samples. Ciene. Tecnol. Aliment.campinas. 24(4): 501-504.out .dez.
[9] Olomo J.B (1990): Natural radionuclide content of some Nigeria foodstuffs. Nucl. Inst. and method in phys .Res .A299:666-669.
[10] Tang S. Chen Z., Zheg (2003): uptake of 137 Cs in the shout of Amaranthus trivolor and Amaranthus cruentus. Environmental pollution 125: 305-313.
[2] Akinloye M.K, J.B. (1999): Survey of Environmental Radiation Exposure around Obafemi Awolowo University Nuclear Research Facilities, Nig. J. Phy. 7:16-19.
[3] Allen, C.K (1999), A New Geographic of Nigeria Longman Publishing 65ff.
[4] Arogunjo A.M, Eyebiokin M.R, and Oboh G., Balogun F.A (2005): Activity Concentration and Absorbed Dose Equivalent of Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Ondo State, Nigeria Journal of Physics 17(s):87-191.
[5] Farai I.P, Oni O.M (2002): Natural Radionuclide concentration in Aquatic species and Absorbed dose Equivalent to the dwellers of the coastal area of Nigeria. Nig. Journal of phy. 14:94-97
[6] Fortune P., Brambilla M., Speroni F. (2004): Folia uptake of 137cs and 86sr in strawberry as function by leafage. Journal of Environmental radioactivity, 71:187-199
[7] Jibiri N.N, Farai I.P. (1998): Assessment of dose and collective effective dose equivalent due to terrestrial gamma radiation in the city of Lagos, Nigeria. Rad. Protect. Dosin. 76(3):191-194
[8] Melquiades F.L, Appoloni C.R (2004): Natural Radiation levels In powered milk samples. Ciene. Tecnol. Aliment.campinas. 24(4): 501-504.out .dez.
[9] Olomo J.B (1990): Natural radionuclide content of some Nigeria foodstuffs. Nucl. Inst. and method in phys .Res .A299:666-669.
[10] Tang S. Chen Z., Zheg (2003): uptake of 137 Cs in the shout of Amaranthus trivolor and Amaranthus cruentus. Environmental pollution 125: 305-313.
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Abstract:The approximate analytical solution of Schrodinger equation for Scarf potential plus trigonometricPoschl-Teller potential is investigated using Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The bound state energy eigenvalues are given in the close form and the corresponding radial and angular eigenfunctions are formulated in the form of the generalized Jacobi Polynomials. The trigonometric Poschl-Teller potential causes the energy of Scarf potensial decreases as the orbital quantum number increases. The energy spectrum and the radial wave function of Scarf potential are produced by the absent of Poschl-Teller potential.
Keywords: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Schrodinger equation, Trigonometric Scarf I, Poschl-Teller potential.
Keywords: Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Schrodinger equation, Trigonometric Scarf I, Poschl-Teller potential.
[1] R.I. Greene and C. Aldrich, Variational wave function for a screened Coulomb potential, Phys. Rev. A 14(6) , (1976) 2363
[2] S.M. Ikhdair and R. server, Approximate eigenvalue and eigen function solutions for the generalized Hulthen potential with any angular momentum, J. Math. Chem., 42(3) (2007) 461-471
[3] A.N. Ikot and L.E.Akpabio, Approximate solution of the Schrodinger solution with Rosen-Morse potential including the centrifugal term, App. Phys. Res, 2(2) (2010) 202-208
[4] H. Goudarzi and V. Vahidi, Supersymmetric approach for Eckart potential using NU method,Adv. Studies Theor. Phys. 5(10), (2011) 469-476
[5] A.R. Amani, M.A. Moghrimoazzen, H. Ghorbanpour, S. Barzegaran, The ladder operators of Rosen Morse potential with centrifugal term by factorization method, Afr. J. Math. Phys. 10 (2011) 31-37
[6] S.M. Ikhdair, Approximate l-state of the Manning-Rosen potential by using NU method, ISRN Math. Phys. vol 2012,article ID-201525 (2012)
[7] V.M. Villalba, Elsevier Science, Bound State of The Hydrogen Atom in The Presence of A Magnetic Monopole Field and An Ahoronov-Bohm Potential, Phys. Lett. A 193 (1994) 218-222
[8] Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, Significance of electromagnetic potentials in quantum theory, Phys. Rev. 115 (1959) 485
[9] L. V. Hoang, L.X. Hai, L.I. Komarov and T. S. Romanova, Relativistic Analogy of the Aharonov–Bohm Effect in the Presence of Coulomb Field and Magnetic Charge, J. Phys. a 25 (1992) 6461
[10] M. Movahedi and M. Hamzavi, Relativistic scattering solution of the Makarov potential, Int. J. phys. Sci. , 6(4) (2011) 891-896
[2] S.M. Ikhdair and R. server, Approximate eigenvalue and eigen function solutions for the generalized Hulthen potential with any angular momentum, J. Math. Chem., 42(3) (2007) 461-471
[3] A.N. Ikot and L.E.Akpabio, Approximate solution of the Schrodinger solution with Rosen-Morse potential including the centrifugal term, App. Phys. Res, 2(2) (2010) 202-208
[4] H. Goudarzi and V. Vahidi, Supersymmetric approach for Eckart potential using NU method,Adv. Studies Theor. Phys. 5(10), (2011) 469-476
[5] A.R. Amani, M.A. Moghrimoazzen, H. Ghorbanpour, S. Barzegaran, The ladder operators of Rosen Morse potential with centrifugal term by factorization method, Afr. J. Math. Phys. 10 (2011) 31-37
[6] S.M. Ikhdair, Approximate l-state of the Manning-Rosen potential by using NU method, ISRN Math. Phys. vol 2012,article ID-201525 (2012)
[7] V.M. Villalba, Elsevier Science, Bound State of The Hydrogen Atom in The Presence of A Magnetic Monopole Field and An Ahoronov-Bohm Potential, Phys. Lett. A 193 (1994) 218-222
[8] Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, Significance of electromagnetic potentials in quantum theory, Phys. Rev. 115 (1959) 485
[9] L. V. Hoang, L.X. Hai, L.I. Komarov and T. S. Romanova, Relativistic Analogy of the Aharonov–Bohm Effect in the Presence of Coulomb Field and Magnetic Charge, J. Phys. a 25 (1992) 6461
[10] M. Movahedi and M. Hamzavi, Relativistic scattering solution of the Makarov potential, Int. J. phys. Sci. , 6(4) (2011) 891-896
