IOSR-JAP   Volume-2 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep–Oct 2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Geophysical Investigation For Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Method - A Case Study Of Annunciation Grammar School, Ikere Lga, Ekiti State, South-Western Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Lateef T.A.
	:	10.9790/4861-0210106

Abstract: Geophysical survey involving electrical resistivity methods has been carried out at Annunciation grammar school, Ikere- Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria with the view to delineate the geo-electric characteristics of the basement complex and evaluate its groundwater potential in the area. A total of 5 vertical electrical sounding stations were established within the site along 5 traverses.
The schlumberger configuration was used for the data acquisition. The half –currents electrode (𝐴𝐵2 ) used range from 1 to 100m. The quantitative interpretation of the VES curves involved the use of partial curve matching and the 1-D computer iteration technique. The depth sounding interpretation results were used to generate geo-electric sections from which the aquifer was delineated. The geo-electric section drawn from the results of the interpretation reveal five subsurface layer which comprises of the topsoil, lateritic sand, partially weathered, weathered and fractured basement. The weathered and fractured layers constituted the aquiferous zone in all the stations. Hence, from this project work it is recommended that boreholes can be sited in high conductivity zones in VES 1,2,3 and 4 as they contain probable aquifers. The depth of any borehole should be located between 15m and 30m to take advantage of the basement fractures
Keywords: Geo-electric, overburden, lateritic, resistivity, foundation

[1] Olorunfemi, M. O., Ojo, J. S. and Akintunde, O.M. (1999); "Hydro-geophysical evaluation of the groundwater potential of the Akure metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Mining and Geology Vol. 35(2) 1999, pp. 207 – 228.
[2] Kunetz, G. (1966). Principles of direct current resistivity prospecting, Borntraeger, Berlin.
[3] Rahman, M.A. (1976): "Review of the Basement Geology of South Western Nigeria". In geology of Nigeria (Kogbe, C.A.C.Ed.). Elizabethan Pub!. co.,Nigeria pp.41-58.
[4] Abdul Nasir, S. S., Loke, M. H., Lee, C. Y., and Nawawi, M. N. M., 2000; Salt water intrusion mapping by geo-electrical imaging surveys. Geophys. Prospect, 48: 647 – 661.
[5] Adepelumi, A. A., Ako,B. D., Ajayi, T. R., Afolabi, O. and Omotoso, E. J.2008; Delineation of salt water intrusion into fresher water Aquifer of Lekki- peninsula, Lagos,Nigeria. Environ. Geol. 56: 927 – 933.
[6] David, L.M., and Ofrey, O. (1989): "An indirect method of estimating ground water level in basement complex regolith". Water resources, Vol. 1,No. 2, pp. 34 -41.
[7] Osemeikhian,J. E. A. and Asokhia, M. B. (1994); Applied Geophysics for engineers and geologists. 1 Ed. Samtos services Ltd., Lagos.
[8] Mallam, A. and Ajayi, C. O. (2000); Resistivity method for groundwater investigation in sedimentary area. Nig. J. of Physics,12, 34 – 38.
[9] Nwankwo, L. I., Olasehinde, P. I. and Babatunde, E. B. (2004); The use of electrical resistivity pseudosection in elucidation the geology of an east-west profile in the basement complex terrain of Ilorin, West-Central, Nigeria. Nig. J.of Pure and Appl. Sci., 19, 167 -1682.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Model for Modification of Air in a Small Town by Using the Evaporative Cooling Method.
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Alaa Motar Shayia, Hassan H. Salman, Bidoor Y. Humood
	:	10.9790/4861-0210713

Abstract: In this study a new model for quantifying the effect of evaporative cooling produced by the evapotranspiration from trees on the air temperature of Ali- Al Sharqi town, south of Iraq, (lat. 32.1ºN, long 46.85ºE) was suggested. The ASCE and FAO Penman Monteith model was used to calculate the actual evapotranspiration from a tree in the selected town. The dispersion of moisture from trees in the neighborhood in the three dimensions by using the Gaussian dispersion model was estimated. The decreasing of air temperature due to the moisture added by trees on a specific control volume was calculated by using the psychometric chart. The maximum cooling degree achieved by the suggested model reached to 2.6 ºC in July while minimum value was (1.8 ºC) and appeared in April. The results of applying the model on a hot and dry day indicated that the higher cooling degree can be obtained reach to 3.6 ºC at the noon time.
Keywords: Air temperature; Evapotranspiration; Evaporative cooling; Gaussian model; Trees.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Application of Resistivity Sounding In Groundwater< Investigation: A Case Study of Rimin Gado and Tofa Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Auwalu Lawan Yola, Abubakar Yusuf Ismai
	:	10.9790/4861-0211418

Abstract: Over thirty Vertical Electrical Sounding survey were carried out in Tofa and Rimin Gado local< government areas of Kano state. Dynamic water level from open wells was also collected and was used as a< guide for the selection of the electrode spread. The schlumberger array with a maximum electrode spread of 100 m was employed in all the points. Results from the sounding data indicates that the area is generally underlain by five geoelectric or geologic section which include Lateritic top soil or Lateritic sand, Silty sand or Sandy clay, Weathered basement or Clayey sand, Fractured basement and Fresh basement. Based on the result obtained the weathered as well as the fractured basements forms the aquiferous zone within the study area, with the weathered being more promising. The resistivity of these zones varies from 9 to 1640 Ωm with an average value 255 Ωm, while the thickness varies from a value of 1.66 to 28 m with an average value of 10.67 m. Depth to this zone varies from 5 to 31 m with an average value of 8.1 m. The study also shows that the Rimin Gado< area appears to have more potential for groundwater development as compared with the Tofa area.
Key words: Geoelectric, Kano State, Resistivity sounding, Rimin Gado, Tofa, Vertical Electrical Sounding

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oil spillage Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of environment and earth science 2(4): 13-21.
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[7] Dan Hassan M.A. and Adekile (1991)." Geophysical Exploration for Groundwater in Crystalline Basement Terrain: A case study
of Zabenawan Dansudu, Kano State, Nigeria" Journal of mining and Geology 27 (2): 71 -75.
[8] Dan Hassan M.A. and Olurunfemi, M.O.(1999). "Hydrogeophysical investigation of a Basement Terrain in the North Central part
of Kaduna State Nigeria" journal of mining and Geology 35 (2) pp 189-206
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using combined electromagnetic and resistivity techniques. Q. J. Eng. Geol., 21:159 175.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Collisional Alignment and Orientation Parameters of Ra Atom at 75 eV.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kapil Sirohi1, P.S.Negi, Sachin Kumar, B.P. Yadav, Pushpendra Singh, Nempal Singh
	:	10.9790/4861-0211923

Abstract: Collision is basically an interaction between two or more particles. Its study for atoms and molecules has proved quite useful from the pt of view of basic as well as applied research activities in atomic and molecular physics.In this paper we shall study the collision dynamics of the excitation process of Ra atom using distorted wave approximation theory.Results are presented for the alignment and orientation parameters at 75eV.
Key Words; distorted wave approximation theory,alignment and orientation parameters, excitation process, Ra atom,

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