IOSR-JAGG   Volume-3 ~ Issue-2 ~ MAR-APR-2015

Abstract:Paper has illuminated the satellite data of previous flood and hydrological data to estimate the inundated areas near Sharda River. Modeling of flood inundated areas predicted 10 cm rises in water level in affected areas by flood. IRS-P6/AWiFS and RADARSAT data were used. The RADARSAT satellite data have shown the flood water, water in low lying areas and real time flood data. The geo referenced IRS-P6/AWiFS, IRS-P6/LISS-III and PAN satellite data were useful for preparation of various thematic maps. Results revealed that most heavily flood affected villages at three gauge stations on Sharda River during year 2009 were: 13 villages of Puranpur Block of Pilibhit District downstream to Banbasa gauge station at 220.35m water level; 22 villages of Nighasan Block of Lakhimpur-khiri District downstream to Paliyakala gauge station at 154.62m water level and 26 villages of Behta Block of Sitapur District downstream to Sharda Nagar gauge station at 136.10m water level.

Abstract: The qualitative evaluation and hydrogeochemical attributes of groundwater in Owerri Capital Territory Owerri was investigated to assess the quality for human consumption and agricultural purposes. A total of sixteen (16) groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and biological properties. The range of temperature (oC), colour (Hz), and turbidity of groundwater in the study area are between: 20-28.3, 5-15, and 1-50 respectively. The average of pH , conductivity (us/cm),TDS (mg/l), and hardness (mg/l) are: 7.66, 0.135, 34.64, and 7.94 respectively. The result also reveals that the concentration of Na+(mg/l), K+(mg/l), Ca2+(mg/l), Mg2+(mg/l), Fe+(mg/l), Pb2+(mg/l),Cd2+(mg/l), Cu+(mg/l),and Zn2+ (mg/l) range between: 3.33-7.6, 0.2-6.8, 2.4-8.3,1.02-3.44, 0.001-0.59, 0.001-0.01, 0-0.16, 0.06-2.88 and 0.01-2.18 respectively. Water Classification result of the groundwater samples show the predominance of alkali bicarbonate water type (Na+ + K+) - HCO3- that is largely soft and therefore, mostly of acceptable quality for household uses. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) of the groundwater samples in the study area showed that the samples fall below 1.4meq/l, indicating predominance of excellent water for irrigation purposes in accordance with recommended standard. This study recommends among other things that groundwater resources development in the area requires elaborate qualitative assessment, to ensure that any necessary pre-use treatment is effected.

Keywords: Qualitative Evaluation, Groundwater Quality, Hydrogeochemistry, Water types.

Abstract: The study area lies within the Anambra Basin which geologically made up of Enugu Shale and Mamu Formation. This study aimed at determining the geology and depositional environments of these Formations through field relationship and grain size distribution as well as morphometric studies. The field data shows Enugu Shale as fissile, light grey with extraformational clast which graded into Mamu Formation which is made up of alternating sequence of shale, siltstone, mudstone, coal and sand, it shows a fluctuating environment. The granulometric study of sand member of Mamu Formation shows characteristic very well sorted, fine to medium grains which were deposited in relatively turbulent well aerated marine environment probably above wave base. The bivariate and the multivariate results reveal Aeolian/shallow marine deposit. The fissility of Enugu Shale suggests that it was deposited in low energy environment, distal to proximal lagoon environment and the presence of extraformatonal clast indicates fluvial incursion. However, it can be concluded that Mamu Formation was deposited in fluctuating environment ranging from an oxygenated shallow marine to acidic swampy environment. Hence is paralic Formation.

Keywords; Mamu Formation, Enugu shale, Kurtosis, Skewness and Benue trough