Volume-4 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: We have been prepared Semiconducting oxide material like TiO2, SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 thin films for taken different composition by using hydrothermal method. All these elements were deposited on the glass substrate. In this films are acted on the p and n type working with the majority carrier are recombination of electron and hole .This material is N type but it will acted p-type Ti and Si. Thin films were Characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV. From the UV Studies we have analysis the energy gap (Eg), refractive index (n) and extinction co efficient.

Keywords: TiO2, SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 thin films, XRD, UV and SEM

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Abstract: The Violet tree as it is called is scientifically identified as Securidaca longepedunculata from the family polygalaceae. It is called in Hausa as Sanya. This study investigated the emulsifying power of Violet Plant Root (VPR). This paper discusses the emulsion formation /capacity of VPR at different concentrations of 1 g/100 ml, 2 g/100 ml, 4g/100 ml and 6 g/100 ml. The emulsion capacity of two other synthetic detergents (called Samples A and B) were studied and compared with that of VPR at the same concentration rate. In all, it was observed that the emulsion formation/capacity of VPR showed better creaming behavior than Samples A and B and the creaming stability gradually decreases in VPR but faster in Samples A and B. The emulsion formation/capacity of VPR at 1 g/100 ml concentration was higher than that of Samples A and B. At concentration of 1 g/100 ml and determination time of 0.5 h to 48 h, VPR, Samples A and B the emulsion formation was at the range of 98.40 % to 70 %; 96.70 % to 64.17 % and 98.30 % to 65.00 % respectively. For 2 g/100 ml concentration and at the same time frame as in 1 g/100 ml VPR exhibited also a higher emulsion formation/capacity than Samples A and B with a range of 97.50 % to 63.30 %; 96.70 % to 60.00 % and 95.00 % to 56.60 % for VPR, Samples A and B respectively. For 4 g/100 ml concentration, VPR, Samples A and B had a range of emulsion formation/ capacity of 93.30 % to 61.60 %; 91.60 % to 48.30 % and 95.00 % to 50.00 % respectively for 0.5 h to 48 h determination time. For 6 g/100 ml concentration, VPR, Samples A and B also had an emulsion formation/capacity range of 91.70 % to 66.70 %; 98.30 % to 63.30 % and 85.80 % to 62.50 % respectively within the time frame of 0.5 h to 48 h. On observation of emulsion formation/capacity at different concentrations there is an indicates that VPR is a good emulsifier as it promotes emulsion formation at low and high concentrations and also VPR shows a better emulsion stability at different concentration than Samples A and B on storage over a long period of over six months.

Keywords: VPR, emulsion, capacity, concentration.

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Abstract: Five mineral composition (macro element) and proximate composition of the mesocarp of the three common varieties of Terminalia catappa were investigated using standard analytical procedure with a view to evaluating their nutritional potential. The proximate composition of the fruit samples revealed the moisture content 4.81±0.01 to 7.48±0.002, Crude protein; 5.21±0.08 to 6.94±0.08, Crude fibre; 17.27±0.01 to 55.77± 0.004, Crude Fat; 3.66±0.001 to 7.66±0.002, ash; 2.05±0.01 to 7.14±0.01 and nitrogen free extract 25.77±0.04 to 54.79±0.02. The mineral content of the three samples indicated that P, Na, Ca, Mg and K are the most abundant of the five minerals examined. The study revealed that both the chemical composition and proximate composition are comparable with other fruits. Also, the three varieties do not vary much from each other. The representative anti nutritional factors- tannis and phytate was reported present at concentrations that may not pose health problems for human consumption. The study recommended that the three varieties are good for human consumption like other fruits.

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