Volume-4 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: Eutectic Mixtures had lowest possible melting point, so, their freezing point would also be lowest possible. In this way Eutectic Mixture had melting point/freezing point more close to room temperature as compared to their other compositions. This property of the eutectic mixtures as to get easily freeze did not allow the proper and uniform mixing of the components because when molten mixtures were stirred by stopping the supply of heat, they started freezing quickly, so, to made proper mixing to get exact melting point in an accurate and fast way, we applied magnetic induction heating method. This method provided simultaneous heating and stirring of the given mixture, which was energy saving, accurate and fast as well. In some acid-acid mixtures with their randomly selected compositions, simultaneous heating and stirring was performed, as a result it was found that the melting points were same every time and it was un-needed to take average of different melting points, as were obtained in earlier melting and then stirring techniques. As melting was proportional to high frequency and intensity of stirring was proportional to low frequency, so, providing multi-phase ac current, first at high frequency and then at low frequency the simultaneous melting and stirring was performed to achieve proper and uniform mixing of the acid-acid mixtures.

Keywords: Eutectic Mixture, Induction Heating, Multi-Phase AC Current.

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Abstract: Proximate, mineral and antinutrients of Blighia sapida fruit (Isin) were determined using standard analytical techniques. The physicochemical properties of the oil were also investigated. The mean values of various parameters for proximate composition (%) were: moisture (3.95±0.01), ash (6.20±0.03), ether extract (51.58±0.04), crude protein (15.27±0.01), crude fibre (16.14±0.04) and carbohydrate (by difference) (6.86). The calculated fatty acids were noted to be 41.26% and energy was 2284.67KJ/100g. Minerals (mg/100g) included: Na (29.20), K (29.52), Mg (21.12), Ca (25.07), Mn (0.07), Fe (1.95), Cu (0.09), Zn (0.28) and P (0.49) while Pb is not detected. The relationship between Na and K as well as between Ca and P, are desirable with the respective ratios of Na/K (0.99) and Ca/P (51.16). The results of physicochemical properties of Blighia sapida fruit oil with showed colour (yellow), refractive index (1.462), specific gravity (0.956), acid value (21.31mgKOH/g), saponification value (75.73mgKOH/g), iodine value (4.56mgIodine/100g), peroxide value (2.20), free fatty acids (10.71mgKOH/g), smoke point (1740C), fire point (3200C), flash point (2780C) and melting point (180C). The antinutrients properties were phytates (0.928mg/100g), oxalate (5.422mg/100g) and Tannins (0.372mg/100g). The investigation showed that Blighia sapida fruit is highly nutritive in minerals and fat content, the oil is non-drying and may not be suitable for soap making and edible (margarine).

Keywords: Blighia sapida, pulp, nutrients, antinutrients, oil, physicochemical

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Abstract: Pumpkin seed oil (4268.5g) was solvent extracted from seeds of the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis), using petroleum ether (60o-80oC). Samples of the oil were dimerized at varying temperatures ranging from 300o-350oC; using 5% (based on the weight of oil) sulphur catalyst and a maximum reaction time of 45 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. Extent of reaction was determined by measuring changes in molecular weight and acid values of the dimerized oil samples which were found to increase with temperature and time of dimerization. A dimer yield of 42.53% was obtained in the process whose progress is a function of temperature and reaction time. This yield is high compared with 18.7% obtained when Iodine catalyst was used. Preparative TLC gave an optimum dimer yield of 42.53% at a temperature of 340oC and a reaction time of 35 minutes.

Keywords: Telfairia occidentalis, dimerized oil, dimer acid.

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Abstract: Effects of petroleum product were investigated on the soil samples in automobile engineering workshops at eight different points in osun state. Composite samples were taken at two depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm, therefore a total of sixteen samples were considered. From the properties determined, it was shown by the result that the soil samples were acidic. The PH ranged from 4.61 – 6.25 and 4.30-7.45 EC,49.40-8500 (μ/cm) and 40.20-357(μs/cm)2 CEC, 1.00-168.25(meq/100g) and 2.10- 17.65 (meq/100g), TOC,0.83-40.22% and 0.10-3.75%, SAR,0.10- 0.98 and 0.12-0.60, Total nitrogen 0.05-0.20% and 0.02- 0.64%. The concentrations of heavy metals were also determined and the result indicates the favourable natural mechanism of high uptake of the metals.

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