Volume-2 ~ Issue-1

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Synthesis of 8-(5-Aryl-4-Octyl-2-Phenyl-3, 4-Dihydro-2H-Pyrazol-3-yl)-Octanoic acid ethyl esters via 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M. Govindaraju, G. Vasanth Kumar, B.N. Mylarappa, K. Ajay Kumar
	:	10.9790/5736-0210104

Abstract: Aldehyde phenyl hydrazones 2a-i undergo oxidative dehydrogenation with Chloramine-T to give nitrile imines, which are trapped in situ by ethyl oleate 1 to afford 8-(5-Aryl-4-octyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-octanoic acid ethyl esters 3a-i in good yield. The structures of the cycloadducts were confirmed by spectral studies and elemental analysis.
Key words: Pyrazoles, pyrazolines, chloramine-T, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, cycloadducts.

[1] I. Damljanovic, M. Vukicevic, N. Radulovic, R. Palic, E. Ellmerer, Z. Ratkovic, M.D. Joksovic, R.D. Vukicevic, "Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrazole derivatives containing ferrocene unit", Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2009, 1093-1096.
[2] Vijay V. Dabholkar, Faisal Y. Ansari, "Synthesis and characterization of selected fused isoxazole and pyrazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity", J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 74(11), 2009, 1219-1228.
[3] E. Abdu Musad, R. Mohamed, B.A. Saeed, B.S. Vishwanath, K.M.L. Rai, "Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of new substituted bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles), 3,5-bis(substituted) pyrazoles and isoxazoles", Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Letters, 21(12), 2011, 3536-3540.
[4] Ahmed I. Hashem, Ahmed S. A. Youssef, Kamal A. Kandeel, Wael S. I. Abou-Elmagd, "Conversion of some 2(3H)-furanones bearing a pyrazolyl group into other heterocyclic systems with a study of their antiviral activity", Eur. J. Med. Chem., 42(7), 2007, 934-939.
[5] P.T. Chovatia, J.D. Akabari, P.K. Kachhadia, P.D. Zalawadia, H.S. Joshi, "Synthesis and selective antitubercular and antimicrobial inhibitory activity of 1-acetyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole derivatives", J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 71(7), 2007, 713-720.
[6] Pedro E. Almeida da Silva, Daniela F. Ramos, Helio G. Bonacorso, Augustina I. de la Iglesia, Marli R. Oliveira, Tatiane Coelho, Jussara Navarini, Hector R. Morbidoni, Nilo Zanatta, A.P. Martins, "Synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of 3-substituted 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoro[chloro]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-(isonicotinoyl) pyrazoles", Int. J. of Antimicrobial Agents, 32, 2008, 139-144. [7] Ashraf Hassan Abadi, Amal Abdel Haleem Eissa, Ghaneya Sayed Hassan, "Synthesis of novel 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives and their evaluation as antitumor and antiangiogenic agents", Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51(7), 2003, 838-844.
[8] Adnan A. Bekhit, Tarek Abdel-Aziem, "Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyrazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial agents", Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 2004, 1935-1945.
[9] N. Satheesha Rai, Balakrishna Kalluraya, B. Lingappa, Shaliny Shenoy, Vedavathi G Puranic, "Convenient access to 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles carrying 5-nitrothiophene moiety via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones with acetylenic ketones and their antimicrobial evaluation", Eur. J. of Med. Chem., 43, 2008, 1715-1720.
[10] Rolf Huisgen, Michael Seidel, Gunter Wallbillich, Hans Knufper, Diphenyl-nitrilimin and seine 1,3-dipolaren additionen an alkene and alkine", Tetrahedron, 17, 1962, 3-29.

Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Assessment on the characteristics of river kodayar with reference to Physico-chemical parameters
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V.Sreeja and A.Ramalingom Pillai
	:	10.9790/5736-0210508

Abstract :The physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Kodayar River collected across few stations were assessed. The parameters like temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chloride (Cl), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO43-) and Sulphate (SO42-) was determined. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO (1973) and ISI (10500-91). It was found that the water samples were not much contaminated and fit for domestic purposes. Few parameters in some of the selected stations were found to be higher and preventive measures should be adopted for quality water for domestic utilization.
Key words: Kodayar River, Physico-chemical parameters, pollution, Surface water.

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Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Characteristics of Pore Structures and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons by Physisorption, Ftir And Boehm Methods
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	A. Allwar
	:	10.9790/5736-0210915

Abstract: Highly-porous structures of activated carbon were prepared from oil palm shell. Their adsorptive characteristics and surface chemistry were investigated. Five series of activated carbons were obtained at different temperatures using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The results show that the activated carbon produced from 500-700oC exhibit Type I isotherm, characteristics of microporous structure. The activated carbon prepared from 800-900oC show a combination Type I and IV isotherm with wide hysteresis loop indicating mesoporous structures. The BET surface area and total pore volume increased almost linearly with increasing activation temperatures resulting 2301 m2g-1 and 0.55 cm3g-1, respectively. Modification of surface chemistry of the activated carbon using chemical treatment with nitrit acid have increased the number of total acid groups. Reaction between nitric acid and activated carbons sharply increased the total acid groups containing of carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic groups as oxygen-surface functional groups. Reaction urea and ammonia with activated carbon provided a numbers of the total basic groups as N-H and NH2 groups, indicating the presences of nitrogen-surface functional groups.
Key words: Activated carbon, micro- and mesoporous structures, Oxygen and nitrogen-surface functional groups

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[3] Allwar, A., Ahmad, M.N., Mohd. Asri. M.N., Textural characteristics of activated carbons prepared from oil palm shells activated with ZnCl2 and pyrolysis under nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Journal of Physical Science, 2008. 19(2): p. 93-104.
[4] Biniak, S., Szymanski, G., Siedlewski, J., Swiatkowski, A., The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups. Carbon, 1997. 35(12): p. 1799-1810.
[5] Budinova, T., Ekinci, E., Yardim, F., Grimm, A., Björnbom, E., Minkova, V., Goranova, M., Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation Fuel Processing Technology, 2006. 87: p. 899-905.
[6] Lastoskie, C., Gubbins, K. E., Quirke, N., Pore size distribution analysis of microporous carbons: a density Functional theory approach. J. Phys. Chem., 1993. 97: p. 4786-4796.
[7] Shen, W., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Surface Chemical Functional Groups Modification of Porous Carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008. 1: p. 27-40.
[8] Bandosz, T.J., Ania, C. O., Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its characterization, in Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation, T.J. Bandosz, Editor. 2006, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved: New York, USA. p. 159 - 229.
[9] Puziy, A.M., Poddubnaya, O. I., Martı´nez-Alonso, A., Sua´rez-Garcı´a, F., Tasco, J. M. D., Surface chemistry of phosphorus-containing carbons of lignocellulosic origin. Carbon, 2005. 43: p. 2857-2868.
[10] Vidic, R.D., Tessner, C. H., Uranowski, L. J., Impact of surface properties of activated carbons on oxidative coupling of phenolic compounds. Carbon, 1997. 35(9): p. 1349-1359.

Paper Type	:	Resaerch Paper
Title	:	Spectroscopic Studies of Nano Size Crystalline Conducting Polyaniline
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B. Kavitha, K. Prabakar, K. Siva kumar, D. Srinivasu, Ch. Srinivas, V.K.Aswal, V. Siriguri, N.Narsimlu
	:	10.9790/5736-0211619

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized in Emaraldine form by in situ chemical oxidation method by using Ammonium perdisulphate as oxidizing agent. The XRD pattern indicates that PANI is a semi crystalline solid with d-spacing 4.801 Ǻ and 4.358 Ǻ. The SEM results show that the particle size lies as an average of 80 nm and length 550nm. Similarly the UV-Visible spectra of this polymer indicate two absorption bands at around 320nm and 640nm. These absorption bands are attributed to the transitions of π → π* and Benzenoid to Quinoid respectively. The FT-IR spectrum of PANI shows strong bands at 3442, 2925, 1598, 1494, 1453, 1176, 1112 and 744 cm-1 respectively. 1H NMR spectrum shows 6 peaks with chemical shifts δ = 7.452, 7.468, 7.505, 7.525, 7.604, 7.638 ppm. The lower three peaks at (δ = 7.452, 7.468, 7.505 ppm) are attributed to the protons related to the 14N nucleus. These spectral lines intensity ratio lies as 1:1:1. Another three peaks at (δ = 7.525, 7.604, 7.638 ppm) are attributed to the three protons, which are present at CH Benzenoid, NH, CH at Quinoid. The intensity ratio of these spectral lines is 1:2:1. The room temperature ESR spectrum of PANI Emeraldine salt shows an unresolved peak with lande's g factor 2.010 due to polaron.
Key words: Polyaniline (PANI), XRD, FTIR, NMR, ESR.

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